Fences Fences - 1783 Words

Tien Walker Myrton Running Wolf THTR 210 13 Oct 2014 FENCES Fences is a play, set in U.S. society in the late 1950s, which deals with serious and common issues of humankind. It is the sixth in Wilson s ten-part Pittsburgh Cycle. Like all of the Pittsburgh plays, the play was written in 1983. The beginning scene is about Troy, who is a strong character, in full control of his life, his wife, and his son Cory. The last scene is on the day of the funeral of Troy Maxson. Fences presents characters who are real flawed humans, who struggle to for control and power in their life. Their effort of the play imparts understanding of this struggle to the audience. Fences is the symbol of personal culture, as well as a sympathetic, but unforgettable central character. The United State of America had gone through a severe recession throughout 1957, the inflation increased by 31%. The number of employees were increasing, agricultural prices went down, and interest rates rose on exports after the World War II. The equal rights struggle for African-Americans had reached its peak in the 1960s after consecutive victories in the 1950s. African-Americans were increasingly committed to fighting for these rights without violence. After eighty-two years, this struggle took a step forward in getting the U.S. government to intervene in a case in which African-Americans were denied the right to vote. The efforts of the African-Americans were to gain citizen rights. PeacefulShow MoreRelatedSummary Of August Wilsons Fence1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe significance of play â€Å"Fence† by August Wilson’s start from the setting part partially he was trying to show the structure of troy family. â€Å"The yard is a small dirt yard, partially fenced, except for the last scene, with a wooden sawhorse, a pile of lumber, and other fence-building equipment set off to the side. Opposite is a tree from which hangs a ball made of rags. A baseball bat leans against the tree. Two oil drums serve as garbage receptacles and sit near the house at right to complete theRead MoreAnalysis Of August Wilson s Fence 1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe play â€Å"Fence† by August Wilson’s has a connection with real world fence. â€Å"The yard is a small dirt yard, partially fenced, except for the last scene, with a wooden sawhorse, a pile of lumber, and other fence-building equipment set off to the side. The Opposite is a tree from which hangs a ball made of rags. A baseball bat leans against the tree. Two oil drums serve as garbage receptacles and sit near the house at right to complete the setting† (Wilson 2). He mentions that the fence has three partsRead MoreFences by August Wilson Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesIn Fences, Aug ust Wilson introduces an African American family whose life is based around a fence. In the dirt yard of the Maxson’s house, many relationships come to blossom and wither here. The main character, Troy Maxson, prevents anyone from intruding into his life by surrounding himself around a literal and metaphorical fence that affects his relationships with his wife, son, and mortality. Throughout the play, readers see an incomplete fence which symbolizes Rose (Troy’s wife) and Troy’sRead MoreRabbit Proof Fence Essay672 Words   |  3 PagesRabbit-Proof Fence Summary: An overview of the ways in which the film Rabbit-Proof Fence conveys the importance of home, family, and country to indigenous peoples. The film Rabbit-Proof Fence conveys the importance of home and country to indigenous peoples. The director Phillip Noyce refers to home in different ways. He has symbolised home by repeatedly showing images of the Spirit Bird and the Rabbit Proof Fence, since it is a connection to their home. The movie shows Mollys determinationRead MoreThe White Picket Fence Was All Races Suburban Goal Essay530 Words   |  3 PagesThe suburban life is a dream which people of all economic backgrounds sought. Although many families were not able to realize the ideal white picket fence suburb experience which one often imagines when speaking of the suburbs, they still created a suburb of their own. The desire for a suburban home to call their own was largely due to the notion that a home provided a sense of security; it was safety net (Nicolaides and Wiese 2006:213). This safety net could not be obtained in the central city becauseRead MoreSymbolism In Rabbit Proof Fence1306 Words   |  6 Pagesto the historical contrast that divides Australian society. The volume of this irrational prejudice through the perpetuation of dominant western ideologies depicted Aborigines as treacherous and unscrupulous. In contrast, the riveting Rabbit Proof Fence film released in 2002 and directed by Philip Noyce, eschews bigotry by illuminating a dense history of racist and distorted Aboriginal representations. Furthermore, it chronicles the ordeal of the Stolen Generation which included abducting half-castRead MoreRabbit Proof Fence Essay728 Words   |  3 Pages(and combinations of several) techniques to reprensent the concept of the physical journey and specifically that it is the journey, not the destination that matters. Noyce has used a number of filimic and literary techniques thoughout â€Å"Rabbit Proof Fence† to ddo this. The use of symbolism, lighting, characterisation and camera angles all enable Noyce to express the physical journey being explored. The cover of Kellehersâ⠂¬â„¢ novel ______ uses visual techniques such as colour, blending and dark patchesRead MoreEssay on Rabbit Proof Fence1109 Words   |  5 PagesRabbit Proof Fence in the context of Australian identity: In the introductory lecture our attention was focused on a number of core themes which run throughout the course. One such theme was the concept of a nation and the way in which cultural products of the nation shape our sense of identity. Rabbit Proof Fence is an important film to examine within this context as it is the first international film to examine the issue of Australias Stolen Generation. The film brought the story of theRead MoreThe American Dream : A Home On The Corner With The White Picket Fence And Big Oak Tree847 Words   |  4 PagesOwning that little home on the corner with the white picket fence and big oak tree in the front yard has always been the American dream, but for some unfortunate home owners hit by the recession and housing crisis several years ago, it now seemed more like a nightmare. Imagine, after years of hard work, finally having your very own home only to have it ripped out from under you through foreclosure or short sale. This very scenario h appened to countless thousands in towns across the country. Read MoreReview of Rabbit Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce Essay663 Words   |  3 PagesReview of Rabbit Proof Fence by Phillip Noyce Introduction In the Rabbit Proof Fence, Phillip Noyce, the writer, takes into account the conflicting opinions over the stolen generation policy. This was an Australian policy which involved taking half-caste aboriginals away from their families and homes, to be brought up in a white society. The policy was in operation between the 1930s and the 1960s. One of the main justifications for the policy, was to educate

Social Behavior For Children With Adhd - 936 Words

However, when CWPT was combined with peer coaching, there were improvements in social behavior for children with ADHD (Plumer and Stoner, 2005). Peer coaching may also be a good way to insure that students learn the â€Å"hidden curriculum.† The hidden curriculum is information about values, beliefs and attitudes that are somehow conveyed to students regarding the rules and routines needed to succeed in school and in society. The goals set by coaching teams could easily include information from the hidden curriculum as it applies to the behavior of the child with ADHD. For example, since children with ADHD often have difficulty with rule following, a goal the child with ADHD could work on might be to raise his or her hand when the child wants to speak. Making Socially Accepting Inclusive Classrooms (MOSAIC) is a teacher implemented and directed intervention designed specifically for children with ADHD to help them improve their social interactions and peer relationships. â€Å"MOSAIC is based on the theory that in order to achieve optimal peer relationships, children with ADHD require classroom structures that aim to (a) increase peers’ social acceptance of children with special needs such as ADHD, and (b) increase socially skilled and reduce disruptive behaviors of children with ADHD. To achieve these aims, teachers in MOSAIC: (a) model warm, positive interpersonal interactions with students (to encourage peers to follow this example of social acceptance); and (b) instituteShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1584 Words   |  7 Pages Due to this upbringing and background, when my nephew began to have difficulties in school it was looked at as poor performance. As a social worker, this becam e concerning. He suffers from hyperactivity and inattention. This appeared to my family as he did not care about school. Last year, my nephew’s diagnosis with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was something most people were prepared for but came as a shock to my family. My sister started to doubt her skills as a parent and blamedRead MoreChildren With Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )911 Words   |  4 PagesMost often, parents do not realize there is something different about their child until he or she has entered a formal classroom environment, where sitting still and paying attention is expected. Children who are diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have multiple symptoms that manifest in early childhood. Symptoms for inattentiveness include: careless mistakes in schoolwork, inability to focus on tasks, not finishing tasks when started, easily losing things, distractibilityRead MoreGuidelines For Students With Adh d1405 Words   |  6 PagesProspectus: Using Whiteboards with Instructions to help Students with ADHD to Close the Gap. Problem Statement In this section I will be focusing upon some the important concerns that prevent students with ADHD from achieving success in closing the gap. Some of these concerns are based upon children that have a current diagnosis with prescriptions for stimulants, like Ritalin or Adderall that can improve the lives of those with ADHD. However, this can also lead to addiction, anxiety and psychosisRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1710 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it s a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children with ADHD may develop emotional, social, developmentalRead MoreAdha1079 Words   |  5 PagesNash Community College Learning with Behavior Disorders Catherine Jancso EDU 222 10-22-11 Abstract This paper explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a condition that can affect children and adults. ADHD in children can cause trouble with focus, patience, and over activity. ADHD is the most common childhood disorderRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on ADHD1064 Words   |  5 PagesThere are limitations to this study, such as this study only considers the effects of ADHD on children and not on adults. The reason that the author decided to focus the research on children is because, as stated before, ADHD is a childhood disorder that should be diagnosed before reaching adulthood. The author of this work believes that if the disorder, and the effects thereof, are addressed during childhood there will be less of an impact on adults, increasing the importance of treatment duringRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay1285 Words   |   6 Pageshyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed in children, especially boys, at a much higher rate than ever in the past. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) state that since 2011, eleven percent (6.4 million) of children between the ages of four and seventeen have been diagnosed with ADHD (13.2 percent boys and 5.6 percent girls). Often, children with ADHD have problems with working memory, selective attention, and inhibition (Belsky, 2016, p.154). Also, children need special attentionRead MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Adhd920 Words   |  4 PagesADHD is one of the most studied psychiatric disorder, and one of the most common cognitive disorders, yet there are still concerns and questions about the validity of ADHD diagnosis. The truth is, there is no one simple test for ADHD. To be diagnosed with this disorder, a person must meet criteria described in DSM 5. How do we know if a person met the criteria? Well, it is simple, the clinical picture is drawn by patients’ (or parents’, teachers’) subjective description of symptoms. Yes, the diagnosisRead MoreIs James A Second Grade African American Student?862 Words   |  4 Pageslessons. His parents and his teacher both reports he has behavior problems and has problems playing with children in his age group. His mother at first believed his behavior was typical for a boy, however she has expressed concerned with his behaviors because constantly fidgets and moves about. His mother is also concerned with his social skills because he has only two friends and she states when in public with her so, he lacks appropriate social skills, he runs about and climbs on objects such asRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1694 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world there about 6.4 million children aged 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD at some point in their lives, with the percentage rising 5% percent every year. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADH D) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (over-activity). With so many children being diagnosed some researchers

Differences Between Kipp Schools And Public Schools

I’ve always thought students education couldn’t have improved from what it is now. After reading â€Å"Marita’s Bargain† it showed me that students are learning a totally different way than I learned. The different methods work more efficiently and it makes sense statically. Student feel or wonder if the class they take now will help them in the future and in â€Å"Marita’s Bargain† every class they took benefited their education and opened doors for them. Different Strategies In School In the article of Marita’s Bargain shows the difference between Kipp schools and public schools. There is a major difference in the education students received from these schools. One school prepares students for college at a young age and the other school is like†¦show more content†¦In this documentary of â€Å"Mad Hot Ballroom† showed students in 5th grade dancing with their peers. In the beginning of this film, students were really shy and immature dancing with their partners. They were embarrassed and they couldn’t keep that awkward smile off their face, but they still had fun. They were mentioned that the best of dancers will be chosen to compete in a yearly competition, but it was much more than just a competition. Each student probably didn’t notice it but they were maturing throughout each practice. Each day in practice students tried their best, even when they were tired the instructor put on a catchy music and immediately the students w ere dancing and laughing. Dancing was their escape of reality. It was like a dream for them. They had a really nice opportunity. While they danced you can see every blood, sweat, and tears they put into practice. Throughout the documentary you see them mature every dance move they made. They matured by boys dancing with girls and they got out of that awkward stage. They weren’t afraid or shy to talk to a boy or girl. The ballroom dancing had a much greater purpose than just dancing and having fun. â€Å"You are going to learn from this experience† (Argelo). Every student probably didn’t earn a medal but they all won. They came out more than what they had as they walked in. Some students also learned what they wanted to do for the rest of their lives, they want to become an actor,Show MoreRelatedDifferences Between Minority And White Students885 Words   |  4 PagesProgram, or KIPP. They created the first KIPP school in Houston, Texas to better educate and mot ivate low-income, minority students. Eventually, their small grassroots idea grew into a network of 183 charter schools across the United States. Levin and Feinberg’s goal to close the gap between minority and white students is reflected in the fact that 87% of their students come from lower-class families and 95% are African American or Latino (â€Å"KIPP†). The KIPP charter schools differ from public schoolsRead MoreEssay On Charter School1735 Words   |  7 Pageslooking at these charter schools their idea for student evaluation and student one-on-one development is important to focus on. Referring back to Edwards Middle school, which is a public school, who are creating reforms that follow these guidelines have seen tremendous improvement in their students’ academic test scores. Edwards is not the only ones who are implementing these innovative practices in the public school environment. There are currently around 1,000 schools across the United States currentlyRead MoreThe High Student Achievement Rates Essay1971 Words   |  8 Pagesachievement rates that KIPP schools produce, but they would commend this for different reasons. Beyond this similarity, they would diverge in approving different aspects of KIPP schools. Both would also like improvements in different aspects of KIPP schools in line with their distinct educati onal philosophies. Skinner and Dewey would agree that the high student achievement rates that KIPP schools have is noteworthy, but they would like this for different reasons. KIPP schools are known for theirRead MoreExamples Of Education In Waiting For Superman1242 Words   |  5 Pagesinsight on charter, public, and private/ boarding schools. While the underlying tones of the film are leaning towards the positives of these prestigious schools, the main principle is how important an education is, and the steps the country is taking to improve it. Throughout the film, a strong pull of emotion is presented by showing the hardships of everyday families struggling for the education their kids deserve, as well as the multitude of statistics about the failing school systems in the countryRead More Rhetorical Analysis of the Film, Waiting for Superman Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthat cripples education. Guggenheim focuses his documentary on the teachers that make-up a large portion of the system. One of his strongest arguments is that the teachers are the problem, and the inability to rid schools of the incompetent teachers is the primary reason American schools are coming in so low in the international rankings. He also shares many facts and statistics that are staggering by their lonesome, but he presents them in such a way to exaggerate them by use of animation, musicRead MoreThe Scientific Management And The Human Relations Theories1244 Words   |  5 Pagesscientific method to increase production by improving the techniques and equipment of the business (Cole Kelly, 2015, p. 26). This can be seen in Ford Motor company, which before 1956 was a private sector, where they produced over 15 million models between 1908 and 1927 (Ford, 2017). Ford applied Taylor’s theory by suggesting that the larger parts should remain still while the smaller parts be moved in an ‘ass embly line’ (Franklin et al, 1927). This saved time from ‘12.5 hours to just 93 minutes’ andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Waiting For Superman 1952 Words   |  8 Pagesand producer wrote and directed Waiting for â€Å"Superman†, a documentary that deals with the American education system. Guggenheim argues that they are failing more each year in producing successful students. He finds where the faults are within the public educational system. He takes the time to show us some of the faces to those numbers to make his pubic realize they are more than just numbers dropping off the charts. He wishes to not only inform, but also to inspire others to act. This essay expressesRead MoreThe Importance Of Long Standing National Traditions On School Performance And Educational Attainment5716 Words   |  23 Pagesstudies typically compare the outputs produced by school systems, often measured in school performance or educational attainment. These comparisons ar e important for educational research and policy making. Therefore, insufficient attention is paid to the changing contexts in which these outputs are created. In particular the institutional arrangements of educational systems are highly relevant for educational and social stratification processes within societies ( Meyer 1977, Kerckhoff 1995, Van derRead MoreBuilding Mentorship Capability from Build-a-Bear Workshop Essay1747 Words   |  7 Pagesthe model in depth with many examples not only from Ms. Clark but other corporations as well. Our overall focus for each stage will be in the discussion of mentoring programs. We will provide examples and professional studies that discuss the differences between a formal mentor program or an informal mentor program. Below are the four stages and the team members that will be presenting each. †¢ The Establishment Stage (Brandon Witzel) †¢ The Advancement Stage (Yancy Jimenez) †¢ The Maintenance StageRead MoreHow to Improve the Eduacation System in America2457 Words   |  10 Pagescondition and availability of resources at a school can play a major factor. A number of studies have shown that many school systems, particularly those in urban and high-poverty areas, are plagued by decaying buildings that threaten the health, safety, and learning opportunities of students. Good facilities appear to be an important precondition for student learning, provided that other conditions are present that support a strong academic program in the school. A growing body of research has linked student

Sexual Roles And Gender Roles - 952 Words

Sexual scripts is defined as culturally approved set of expectations as to how one should behave sexually as male or female and as heterosexual, gay, or lesbian. The traditional male sexual scripts are that men are the initiators of sexual encounters. Men are expected to be assertive, confident, and knowledgeable about sexual matters. Men are supposed to know how to please their partners and persuade their partners to share sexual intimacy. On the other hand, the sexual scripts of women are very different. Women are expected to wait for and obey with the male’s initiation of sexual activity and to be pleased with how the sexual encounters progress. The female script concentrates more on feelings than on sex, and more on love than on passion. The traditional female scripts about sex, left many women unable to talk about sex openly and easily because women are expected to not have strong sexual feelings. Thus, this is how sexual scripts vary by gender. Tradition sexual scripts provide different roles and responsibilities to females and males. Initiation of sex is placed upon the male as the women are expected to obey the males initiation. Contemporary sexual scripts is different because sexual activities are a mutual exchange of erotic pleasure. Sexuality equally involved both partners, and the partners are equally responsible and either partner may initiate sexual activities. Parents express attitudes about sex to their children in a few ways. For example, what parentsShow MoreRelatedSexual Identity And Gender Roles Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pagesin nature and intensity of how the sexes, gender, gender roles and gender stereotypes are differentiated. Before we get to understand how they are differentiated, it s good to first understand the meaning of each term. Sex is the biological and physiological differences between men and women, sex roles are the behaviours and patterns of activities that the men and women may engage in which are directly related to their biological differences while gender are the behaviours or patterns of activitiesRead MoreThe Sexual Double Standard : Gender Roles1526 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 150 Fall 2014 Ho Lot Of Stigma: The Sexual Double Standard Gender roles are social constructs that defines what sort of behaviors are acceptable for men or women. These rigid expectations teach people through socialization that we should think, speak, dress, and be a certain way depending on which gender we are. When we are young we learn the behaviors that are socially appropriate for males and females; these behaviors are often based on gender stereotypes. For example, women are expectedRead MoreThe Role Of Cultural Expectations On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identification924 Words   |  4 Pagesprejudices, are underlined. A transgender individual is one that identifies with a gender that is not associated with their biological sex. An intersexual individual, however, is one that is born with indefinite sexual anatomical characteristics, making it difficult to identify as a male or female (Croteau Hoynes, 2013). In addition, this documentary emphasizes the impact of cultural expectations on sexual orientation and gender identifica tion. The theme of prejudice and fear experienced by transgenderRead MoreThe Role Of Parental Sexual Orientation On Children s Gender Development1767 Words   |  8 Pagestendency to choose gender specific, non-gender specific or neutral toys. Comparisons in toy choice were made between children of gay-, lesbian- and same-sex parents. Overall, children from heterosexual families showed greater gender stereotyping than children from homosexual families and both gender and sexual orientation of parents were found to be predictive of a child’s toy choice. The current study contributes to the theoretical understanding of the role of parental sexual orientation on children’sRead More The Social Construction of Gender and Sexuality Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesexemplifies the definition of gender as a concept; gender is the expectations of a sex according to the culture of society. Sexuality, within this definition of gender, reflects society’s expectations, which are c reated in relation to the opposite sex. The variances between cultures means that gender expectations change within different cultures. These expectations put pressure on each member of society to conform and abide by the folkways of their own culture. The creation of gender expectations by societyRead MoreGender And Gender Roles : The Movie Transporter 2 Of 2005 Directed By Louis Leterrier1747 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary works depict normative social roles on gender thereby portraying either gender as having specific set of characteristics in comparison to one another (Fetterley 492). The movie Transporter 2 of 2005 directed by Louis Leterrier and starring Jason Statham as Frank Martin is just an example of how the male and female gender are assigned given roles that bring out their characters as distinct (Leterrier). The movie uses both gender to express normative social stereotyping that portrays malesRead MoreRoles And Roles Of Gender Roles Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesRole s in gender has to be determined before we are even born. Once a child’s sex is revealed, he or she will be placed into certain roles. Before we are even determined to be a male or female, we received 23 chromosomes from each parent. Of the 46 chromosomes, 45 are unisex. It is not determined until the six week which chromosome takes over and determines the sex of the child. As children get older, it becomes noticeable the differences that occur. It has been shown that women will mature quickerRead MoreEssay about Gender Dysphoria Caused by Gender Identity776 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Dysphoria caused by Gender Identity Introduction Gender as defined by society as a division between biological sex and the roles you must take on in society. In reality gender is a true spectrum that does not follow a simple linear pattern. There are three major aspects that make a person who they are inside. These aspects are Sex, Gender and Gender Identity. Gender Identity Gender identity is basically the concept that gender is not easily divided into two classic genders as isRead MoreThe Deinstitutionalization Of Marriage And The Sanctification Of Gendered Marital Roles1316 Words   |  6 PagesCovenant marriage and the sanctification of gendered marital roles. Journal Of Family Issues, 30(2), 147-178. This article contains research on the deinstitutionalization of marriage and the changing gender roles by focusing on a unique group of marriages. The authors use quantitative and qualitative research data from previous studies. The article reveals that covenants are more traditional than standards across religious, marital, and gender attitudes. It discusses covenant-married couples as opposedRead MoreHow Parents Sexual Orientation Can Have An Impact On Their Children s Lives980 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of this study was to investigate how parents’ sexual orientation can have an impact on their children’s lives. However, Goldberg Kashy Smith (2012) suggested that future studies should not only control parental characteristics, but also cautiously examine the children in each group of families. They concluded that investigators should be aware of the results before concluding what influence parental sexual orientation had on children’s gender development, due to the lack of clarity in the field

Shostakovich Symphony No. 4 free essay sample

Classical music has taken over my life. Not a day of the week goes by without some sort of required activity involving classical music. I think that this exposure has been rubbing off on my personal life, since if you look on my iPod, youll find more Chopin than Taylor Swift. You can then imagine that when my dad told me he had two box seat tickets to see the Philadelphia Orchestra at the Kimmel Center, I was absolutely ecstatic. There was, however, a minor detail. My father didn’t tell me, nor did I ask, what was being performed, until it was too late. When I did ask, he did not know, so I logged on to the Kimmel Center website and began scrolling through the different performance dates. My eyes lit up as I saw names like Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, and Holst, and I became more excited about the performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Shostakovich Symphony No. 4 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, I reached the date of our concert. My heart sank. Shostakovich, Symphony #4. I immediately recalled that my music teacher hates Shostakovich’s compositions, but I pulled up a recording of this mystery piece anyway hoping that my music teacher and I had a difference of opinion. As the xylophone rang out to announce the beginning, quickly followed by a muddled horn reply, I had to turn it off and my enthusiasm for this excursion faded. This composition was complete and utter atonal chaos. My first trip to the Kimmel Center was going to be an absolute horror. Eventually, the day of the concert came and while the novelty of this trip did restore some of my initial excitement, Shostakovich remained a dark cloud hanging over the whole event. On the other hand, I did not want to spoil this father-daughter outing, so I didnt let my aversion toward the music show. We arrived at the Kimmel Center early, so while waiting for the doors to open, I read the playbill cover to cover. I paid special attention to the section about the dreade d symphony, about which I learned many things in that small span of time. First, the symphony was over an hour long. I also read that it was bold. I’ve gathered that in the musical world, this is a way of saying that it does not fit the usual definition of melodic. I think that in the regular world, this means it is just weird. Even Josef Stalin walked out of a performance of one of Shostakovichs earlier works, which he criticized as being Muddle instead of Music.† When I read this I very nearly suggested to my Dad that we just leave the Kimmel and get cheese steaks in South Philadelphia. Instead, I held a carefully neutral expression as my Dad and I entered the hall. An hour and a half later, we emerged. I wish I could say that I suddenly had a revelation in hearing it live which magically changed my opinion, but honestly I still disliked the symphony. While the classical music I love has clear themes and strong melodies, I have absolutely no idea what Shostakovich meant to do. On the other hand, sitting through that marathon of a piece allowed me to appreciate what Shostakovich did. I may have hated the dissonances themselves, but the way that each instrument in the orchestra passed the moving line from one to another was interesting to follow from one side of the concert hall to the other. The bombastic chords played by the massive orchestra in full punctuated a playful dance between horns and winds. I then recalled the playbill and the history which served as the context for this composition and I could imagine the struggle of the citizens of the Soviet Union as they faced an uncertain future under the fierce rule of Josef Stalin. On the way home, my Dad and I discussed the hour long musical epic. I did not think it was the type of thing he would like. He did not like it, but he reflected on how the music sounded inside the concert hall and how he was impressed with the way the music felt in the floor and in the seats. For him, being there with the performers made all the difference. The quality of their presentation, the beauty of the space, and the historical background took music that I know we both hated and elevated it to an experience we could both admire. As we got closer to home, I decided that this ‘horror’ and ‘chaos’ was only considered so because of my preconceived and limiting notions of good music. While remaining completely out of my area of interest, and certainly not on any of my playlists, I learned to give Shostakovich my appreciation and respect.

Contemporary Aspect Ethics Social Discourseâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Contemporary Aspect Ethics Social Discourse? Answer: Introducation The video clip, available on Fox News, namely Edward Snowden and How America Lost its Secrets, as suggested by its very title, shows how Edward Snowden, a former employee of National Security Agency of USA, acted in his own selfish interests, in exposing the NSAs activities, and how should be termed as a whistleblower (Fox News, 2017). Snowden leaked invaluable information of NSAs spying program, whereby in the most unethical way, NSA was able to track and monitor the confidential information of the US public via telephone calls, emails and other files. By sharing the confidential US intelligence documents with the journalists, in 2013, Snowden certainly tried to act in public interest and safety (Diglin, 2014). However, the clip shows a biased attitude towards Snowden, while covering news pertaining to this incident, as the interviewee clearly said, how his disclosure threatened the security of the US administration. Further, the interview refused to focus on Snowdens motive, I dont really know Snowdens motive, I am more interested in his actions, that clearly shows a censored agenda behind the news presentation. The channel could easily invite Glenn Greenwald, who in his book has been supporting the action of Snowden in exposing the Obama-led government, and its spying activities. As a media channel, it is important for Fox News to enlighten the audience about the counter-perspectives, and the same could be achieved by calling in Greenwald for the interview, whose book has justified the action of Snowden. However, Fox News decided to call in Edward Jay Epstein, and right from the selection of the title, to the selection of words in labelling Snowden, it had tried to portray Snowden as someone who is a threat to the society (Ephraim, 2017). The content definitely highlights how Snowden had exposed sensitive data of the NSA, and yet it deliberately maintained silence on how he exposed the facts in public interest. The broadcast clearly exhibits the use of derogatory words such as stole, theft, damaged, deliberate and whistleblower that clearly portray Snowdens character in the light of a trait or, whose actions not only displayed loyalty towards the organization he served for, but also caused irreparable damage to the country as well (Fox News, 2017). It is indeed surprising how Fox News clip deliberately intended to focus on the presentation of Snowden as a traitor, and failed to address crucial issues such as the unethical act of mass surveillance of the Obama-led US administration, and the legality of Snowdens actions in exposing the unethical act of the government. The clip contains highly biased content, whereby the news host as well as the interviewee tried to portray Snowden as a whistleblower, fleeing his own country and going to foreign nations like Russia, acting as an intelligence asset in foreign nations. However, despite all the debate revolving around the character and intent of Snowden, the clip, not for once, focuses on the essence of the revelations contained in the documents, leaked by Snowden. The public service that Snowden has done outweighs any form of breach of contract that he might have committed. Yet the question arises, why did the media channel fail to focus on the content of the data revealed, and instead chose to assassinate his character. The answer is simple- the Fox News authority was aware that it must favour the administrative power reigning in the US, and as such divulging the findings of the disclosed datasheets exposed by Snowden would only aggravate the situation. Hence, the channel chose to divert the attenti on of the audience towards the character of Snowden, his so-called traitor-like activities and his escape from the country like a whistleblower. There is no gain stating the fact that Snowdens escape from US prosecution appears to be the ultimate focal point of the news clip, helping to continue the narrative of Snowdens personality as well as ill-motives behind his disloyal actions (Tarzie, 2017).However, the entire clip, nowhere does reflect on the US governments condemnable offence of spying on its residents, and in fact, not for once, does it even refer to the US government. The misrepresentation of Snowden in the video clip clearly shows the biased attitude of the channel, towards the US government, and highlights its desperate efforts to safeguard the interests of the Obama-led administration, by protecting their unethical actions, from the public eye. The attitude shift against Snowden, and the channels deliberate effort to avoid critical discussions pertaining to the clandestine mass surveillance acts of the government has helped the channel shape public perception in a way, that the abhor the very figure of Snowden and treats him as a potential threat to the national stability. Reference List: Diglin, G. (2014). Living the Orwellian Nightmare: new media and digital dystopia.E-Learning and Digital Media,11(6), 608-618. Edward Snowden and 'How America Lost Its Secrets'. (2017). Retrieved from https://video.foxnews.com/v/5318011512001/?#sp=show-clips Ephraim, P. E. (2017). Whistleblowing and social responsibility in a surveillance system: Appraising the morality of the Snowden disclosures.Mapping Media Responsibility. Contemporary Aspects of Morals, Ethics and Social Discourse, 50. Tarzie, B. (2017). Edward Snowden, Frenemy of the State.American Journal of Economics and Sociology,76(2), 348-380.

Engineering and Spatial Science Applications

Question: Write a report a design proposal for the new brewery plant. Answer: 1.0 Introduction In this report, a design proposal for the new brewery plant have been discussed and presented. The values have been estimated according to the production demands as well as a future analysis so that sufficient production can be made in case of excess demands. All the details given have been estimated during the survey process conducted earlier as well as mathematical calculations of production and hence, these values can be taken to proceed with the construction part of the project. 2.0 Project Proposal: Technical Analysis with Surveys and Estimations 2.1 Project Outline 2.1.1 The Brewing Process In this project, we are preparing a plan for the start-up brewpub business that is planned to operate as a bar, jazz club and microbrewery. Our main objective is to seek a preliminary analysis and design for the setup of the microbrewery. The brewing process we will use has six main steps: mashing, lautering, boiling, cooling, fermenting and storing. Figure 1: Brewing Process to be followed (Source: Abdulai et al. 2015) In the brewing process, Malted barley will be mixed with hot water in the mash tun using the motor/agitator and is then allowed to settle in the tun. The ratio of malt to water (by mass) is 3:10. E.g. 3kg of malt will be needed for every 10kg of water. This process will take 2 hours in total. The liquid (called wort) will then be separated from spent grain by pumping wort from the bottom of the tun beneath a fine grate. This will cause the wort to be filtered through the grain which has settled on the grate, in a process called lautering. A low flow velocity of 0.01 m/s down through the spent grain (across the whole area of the grate) is required. The volume of wort recovered is 75% of the volume of the mix. The spent grain (the other 25%) is removed during cleaning. The wort will next be pumped into the copper where small amounts of hops (of negligible mass) are added. The temperature of the wort pumped into the copper is 50 ÃÅ'Ã…  C. The hops provide the bitterness in beer and act as a preservative. The mix is then heated to boiling point (100 ÃÅ'Ã…  C) and then boiled for 1 hour. The boiling evaporates water from the wort equal to 7% of the wort volume, destroying any remaining enzymes from the mashing and concentrating the wort. The wort is then pumped into a fermentation tank through a chiller, which reduces its temperature to 20C. A small amount of yeast (of negligible mass) is added to cause the fermentation, which then takes 13 days. By the end of fermentation, the solids and yeast in the liquid settle to the bottom of the tank. The temperature of the fermentation tank is controller via refrigeration built into the tank at the discretion of the brewer. The beer (90% by volume) is drawn off above the level of the solids (the other 10%) and pumped through a filter into a storage tank, where is it kept chilled ready to bottle or dispense to customers. 2.1.2 Proposed System Our proposed system will consist of the following equipments: One mash/lauter tun including motor and agitator One copper including gas heater One chiller One or more fermenters Multiple storage tanks Three pumps A suitable hot water source already exists at the site of installation 2.2 Project Design 2.2.1 Tank Size and Production Capacity The tank size will depend on the total capacity of production that are estimated to be manufactured daily. However, as an alternative to a single tank, a multi-tank system can be implemented in case excess production is needed. Again, in case of low requirements or demands, another tank is to be installed for the storage of the extra amount for future use. For the initial construction part, one each of mash/lauter tun including motor and agitator, copper including gas heater, chiller and a suitable hot water source. Multiple fermenters, storage tanks, and three pumps are needed. Our business plan specifies that 4 different beers will normally be on-tap at any time, hence this requires 4 storage tanks. The expected rate of consumption for the four beer varieties is assumed to be the same, i.e. on average 400 L/week each. The production capacity of the plant is to be at least 1600 L/week (on average). The fermentation period of a batch of beer (of any size) is 13 days. The processes of mashing, lautering, boiling, chilling and associated pumping and cleaning to brew one batch of beer will occur within 1 day. 2.2.2 Plant Layout The tanks will be 6m in height and 5m in width having a 0.5m horizontal clearance and a 1m long door opening at the top end. For the end elevation, 6m wide tank with heights 4m and 5m are needed along with 1m vertical clearance. All the equipments will be kept 0.5m from outer walls and 0.5m space is to kept between two equipments. The tanks will be arranged in grid format for allowing the pipes to run. All tanks will include supports that will ensure the lowest point of the tank itself is 0.5 m off the floor. This will allow space for piping, pumps, the agitator motor and the heater for the copper. All tanks will have a 1 m minimum clearance above the tank to enable cleaning and addition of ingredients. The space above the walkway may be used. The chiller will be cubical with 1m for each dimension. 2.2.3 Lautering and Pump A For this part, several values have been obtained after estimations and calculations. These are as follows: The volumetric flow rate required for pump A - PLEASE FILL The time it takes to lauter the wort and transfer it to the copper - PLEASE FILL The head (change in height) over which the pump must raise the wort into the copper - PLEASE FILL The power rating required for pump A - PLEASE FILL The lautering process requires a low flow velocity of 0.01 m/s down through the spent grain (across the whole area of the grate). This flow velocity in combination with the diameter of the tun will determine the flow rate requirement for pump A. 2.2.4 Boiling For the boiling process, several estimations have been made regarding the mass of the products. These are as follows: Product Amount (kg) Wort in Copper PLEASE FILL Wort Evaporated PLEASE FILL The energy assumptions are as follows: The heat energy required to heat the wort in the copper from 50 ÃÅ'Ã…  C to boiling point at 100 ÃÅ'Ã…  C - PLEASE FILL The heat energy required to evaporate 7% of the wort during boiling - PLEASE FILL The maximum power output required from the gas heater PLEASE FILL 2.2.5 Chilling and Pump B The chiller will be cubical in nature with 1m for each dimension. Pump B is needed for a back up pumping system in case the primary pump appears to be faulty or malfunctioning. It can also be used as a backup for the primary pump in case of excess production. 2.2.6 Costing The estimated costs for the overall project are as follows: Equipment Cost ($) Each Tank PLEASE FILL 3 Pumps PLEASE FILL Heater PLEASE FILL Total PLEASE FILL 2.3 Design Specifications 2.3.1 Design Goals The design goals are as follows: The production capacity of the system should be maximum. The capital cost of the system should be minimum. The system should have capability and sufficient requirements for production of different types of beer. 2.3.2 Design Requirements The design requirements are as follows: The production capacity of the plant is to be at least 1600 L/week (on average). The estimated budget for the equipment within this design is $60000. 2.3.3 Simplifying Assumptions The assumptions for the project are as follows: The means by which different beers are brewed is outside the scope of this design and does not influence any parameters of the design. The density of the wort at all points in the process is assumed to be 1007 kg/m3. It is assumed that no loss of energy from the copper (i.e. the heater is 100% efficient). It is assumed that completely closed tanks (ignoring openings). 2.4 Technical Information Table 1. Density of ingredients and product Description Identifier Value Unit Density of water W 1000 kg/m3 Density of barley M 500 kg/m3 Density of beer (wort) B 1007 kg/m3 Table 2. Pump Selection Pump Model Output Power (kW) Cost $ P1 0.3 300 P2 0.5 500 P3 1.0 1000 Table 3. Copper and Heater Specifications Description Identifier Value Unit Specific heat value of beer (wort) cB 4.0 kJ/(kg.K) Latent heat of evaporation for beer (wort) hE 2260.0 kJ/kg Table 4. Heater Selection Heater Model Output Power (kW) Cost ($) CH1 50 1000 CH2 85 1700 CH3 125 2500 CH3 190 3800 Table 5. Cost of tanks completely closed tanks (openings ignored) Description Value Unit All tanks per square metre of surface area 500 $/m2 Cost of mash/lauter mechanism 1000 $ Cost of Chiller 2000 $ Cost of Filter 500 $ 3.0 Conclusion From the above project proposal report, the estimated values and the parameters have been noted and these can be used as parameters for developing the construction design. Moreover, these values can be used for the actual construction process. Finally, the suggested model can be used as the blueprint for the original plant although other models are available as well. 4.0 Recommendations The recommendations for the proposed plan of the model are as follows: The model used should have to be cost effective i.e. the most efficient plant should be built at the lowest possible cost. The plant should be highly efficient, i.e. production should be maximum with highest quality at lowest cost. Sufficient equipments must be available for following the proposed design and the model requirements. Bibliography Abdulai, R.T., Obeng-Odoom, F., Ochieng, E. and Maliene, V. eds., 2015.Real Estate, Construction and Economic Development in Emerging Market Economies. Routledge. Ahmadjian, C. and Edman, J., 2013. Framing From Afar: External Agents and the Construction of the Japanese Ji-Buru Industry. Bob, C.O.R.N.E.L.I.U., Dencsak, T.A.M.A.S. and Bob, L.I.A.N.A., 2014, January. A Sustainability Model for the Assessment of Civil Engineer Works. InRecent Advances in Energy, Environment, Biology and Ecology, Proceedings of the 10th WSEAS International Conference on Energy, Environment, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development (EEESD 114), Tenerife, Spain(pp. 10-12). Chengchuan, C.H.E., Ge, Y.A.N.G., Xiuling, Y.U. and Jinfeng, L.I.U., 2015. Construction of Bio-Engineering Comprehensive Experimental Teaching Innovation System.Canadian Social Science,11(1), p.218. Dannys, E., Green, T., Wettlaufer, A., Madhurnathakam, C.M.R. and Elkamel, A., 2016. Wastewater Treatment with Microbial Fuel Cells: A Design and Feasibility Study for Scale-up in Microbreweries.Journal of Bioprocessing Biotechniques,2016. Huse, M., 2014. The role of networks in the entrepreneurial processA case study of three Norwegian craft breweries. Kelly-Holmes, H., 2016. Constructing and Disputing Brand National Identity in Marketing Discourse.Signs and Society,4(S1), pp.S51-S69. Leo, D.T., Santos, M.B.G., Mello, M.C.A. and Morais, S.F.A., 2015. Consideration of occupational risks in construction confined spaces in a brewery.Occupational Safety and Hygiene III, p.343. Moreno, A. and Cmara, M., 2014. Evolution of information content from an institutional perspective: El Alczar brewery (19281993).Accounting History, p.1032373214534653. Othman, A., 2014. A conceptual model for overcoming the challenges of mega construction projects in developing countries.African Journal of Engineering Research,2(4), pp.73-84. Oyinlola, O.M., Oyinlola, F.O. and Adeniran, J.O., 2014. The influence of dividend payout in the performance of Nigerian listed brewery companies.International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences,3(1), pp.13-21. Pettigrew, L., Blomenhofer, V., Hubert, S., Gro, F. and Delgado, A., 2015. Optimisation of water usage in a brewery clean-in-place system using reference nets.Journal of Cleaner Production,87, pp.583-593. Roche, K.J., 2014.The Emergence of Ontario Microbreweries: A Socio-Historical Analysis(Doctoral dissertation, Laurentian University of Sudbury). Schmidt, B., 2012.Model construction with GPSS-FORTRAN version 3. Springer Science Business Media. Shapaval, V., Walczak, B., Gognies, S., Mretr, T., Suso, H.P., sli, A.W., Belarbi, A. and Kohler, A., 2013. FTIR spectroscopic characterization of differently cultivated food related yeasts.Analyst,138(14), pp.4129-4138. Shen, Z., Burnham, K.J. and Smalov, L., 2015. Optimised job-shop scheduling via genetic algorithm for a manufacturing production system. InProgress in Systems Engineering(pp. 89-92). Springer International Publishing. Tashkhourian, J., Hormozi-Nezhad, M.R., Khodaveisi, J. and Dashti, R., 2013. Localized surface plasmon resonance sensor for simultaneous kinetic determination of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide.Analytica chimica acta,762, pp.87-93. Yang, H., Chan, A.P. and Yeung, J.F., 2013. Niche Width, Competitive Positioning, and Performance of International Construction Contractors (19922009).Journal of Management in Engineering,31(3), p.04014040.

Marijuana Essays (3997 words) - Medicinal Plants, Entheogens, Herbs

Marijuana Marijuana Throughout history marijuana has been used to serve various purposes in many different cultures. The purposes have changed over time to fit in with the current lifestyles. This pattern is also true in American history. The use of marijuana has adapted to the social climate of the time. Marijuana, whose scientific name is cannibis sativa, was mentioned in historical manuscripts as early as 2700 B. C. in China. (Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia, 1995). The cultivation of the marijuana plant began as far back as the Jamestown settlers, around 1611, who used hemp produced from the marijuana plant's fibers to make rope and canvas. It was also used in making clothing because of it's durability. These uses fit in with the social climate of the time, because the main focus was on survival rather than for psychoactive purposes. During the prohibition, marijuana was widely used because of the scarcity of alcohol. Prohibition was repealed after just thirteen years while the prohibition against m arijuana lasted for more than seventy five years. This double standard may have resulted from the wishes of those in power. Alcohol prohibition struck directly at tens of millions of Americans of all ages, including many of societies most powerful members. Marijuana prohibition threatened far fewer Americans, and they had relatively little influence in the districts of power. Only the prohibition of marijuana, which some sixty million Americans have violated since 1965 has come close to approximating the prohibition experience, but marijuana smokers consist mostly of young and relatively powerless Americans (American Heritage, pg. 47). Alcohol prohibition was repealed and marijuana prohibition was retained, not because scientists had proved that alcohol was the less dangerous of the various psychoactive drugs, but because of the prejudices and preferences of most Americans (American Heritage, pg. 47). In 1937 the government issued the Marijuana Tax Act, which levied a dollar an ounce tax on marijuana, coupled with fines of $2,000 for drug possession and jail sentences for evasion of the tax. For this reason marijuana use in the United States appears to have gone into decline in the late 30's (Grolier Wellness Encyclopedia, pg. 54). Then marijuana was outlawed in 1937 as a repressive measure against Mexican workers who crossed the border seeking jobs during the Depression. The specific reason given for the outlawing of the hemp plant was it's supposed violent effect on the degenerate races (Schaffer, pg. 86). Beginning in the 60's marijuana use saw a resurgence which may be attributed to many causes. One of the main causes was the rebellion of youth against the Vietnam War. They used marijuana as an escape from war to peace. It was easy at this time to depict marijuana as a beneficial and completely harmless substance whose effects were far less harmful than those of legal drugs such as alcohol and nicotine because there was not enough scientific research done during the 60's (Grolier Wellness Encyclope dia, pg. 54). Another cause may have been the discovery of the psychoactive component of marijuana- tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC. Users found the relation between the doses and the effects (Grolier Electronic Publishing, 1995). The current atmosphere provides for doctors to suggest synthetic marijuana (THC) in a pure and standardized form bp rescriptionon (called Marinol) for the treatment of nausea associated with cancer chemotherapy. Also, although there is no scientific evidence that shows marijuana is beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma, it may prevent the progression of visual loss. Marijuana, along with alcohol and a host of other substances, can actually lower intraocular eye pressure. The medication however, must be carefully tailored to the individual to prevent further eye damage. The evidence has clearly shown that marijuana has been around for a great deal of time and has served multiple purposes throughout history. History Of Marijuana Marijuana Through Time I cannot know now which of the several uses of Cannabis was earliest. Since plant uses normally proceed from the simpler to the more complex, one might presume that its useful fibers first attracted man's attention. Indeed remains of hemp fibers have been found in the earliest archaeological sites in the cradles of Asiatic civilization: evidence of fiber in China dating from 4000 B.C. and hemp rope and thread from Turkestan from

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Free Essays on Narration

My â€Å"Little† Adventure There are many nerve-wrecking things that children do to their parents when they are very young. This story about my life is very true. When I was around two years old, I decided to ride my tricycle to Eat ‘n Park. It was a beautiful summer day in the Pittsburgh area. One morning, my grandfather, father, sister, brother and I went to breakfast at Eat ‘n Park. I loved the food and the company of others that I decided to go back again. The next day, my grandfather had gone back down to the restaurant. My brother, sister, neighbor children and I were in the fenced off back yard playing. I found my tricycle in the front yard and I climbed the wired fence with my trike. I rode up Bayonne Road to the stop sign. When I reached the top of the hill, I made a left and went down Beechview Road to Crane Ave. I made a left down the hill on Crane Ave, a very busy and dangerous road. When I reached the armory on the right hand side, a young girl stopped because she did not think I should have been there. She even stopped another car so no one would think she was kidnapping me. She asked you if you knew how to get home. I did not even talk around that age. I was a very quiet young boy. I said to the young lady, â€Å"I live at mommy’s house†. She brought me home. My mother was frantically looking everywhere for you when the lady pulled up with you in the car. When my family tells me this story, I used to laugh, now I do not. The reason I do not laugh anymore is because this was a life-threatening situation and I might have died that day. This is a story that I will remember for a long time. The day that I took my â€Å"little† adventure to Eat ‘n Park.... Free Essays on Narration Free Essays on Narration My â€Å"Little† Adventure There are many nerve-wrecking things that children do to their parents when they are very young. This story about my life is very true. When I was around two years old, I decided to ride my tricycle to Eat ‘n Park. It was a beautiful summer day in the Pittsburgh area. One morning, my grandfather, father, sister, brother and I went to breakfast at Eat ‘n Park. I loved the food and the company of others that I decided to go back again. The next day, my grandfather had gone back down to the restaurant. My brother, sister, neighbor children and I were in the fenced off back yard playing. I found my tricycle in the front yard and I climbed the wired fence with my trike. I rode up Bayonne Road to the stop sign. When I reached the top of the hill, I made a left and went down Beechview Road to Crane Ave. I made a left down the hill on Crane Ave, a very busy and dangerous road. When I reached the armory on the right hand side, a young girl stopped because she did not think I should have been there. She even stopped another car so no one would think she was kidnapping me. She asked you if you knew how to get home. I did not even talk around that age. I was a very quiet young boy. I said to the young lady, â€Å"I live at mommy’s house†. She brought me home. My mother was frantically looking everywhere for you when the lady pulled up with you in the car. When my family tells me this story, I used to laugh, now I do not. The reason I do not laugh anymore is because this was a life-threatening situation and I might have died that day. This is a story that I will remember for a long time. The day that I took my â€Å"little† adventure to Eat ‘n Park....

Hildegard of Bingen, Mystic, Writer, Composer, Saint

Hildegard of Bingen, Mystic, Writer, Composer, Saint Hildegard of Bingen (1098–September 17, 1179) was a medieval mystic and visionary and Abbess of Bingens Benedictine community. She was also a prolific composer and the author of several books on spirituality, visions, medicine, health and nutrition, nature. A powerful figure within the church, she corresponded with Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and other major political figures of the time. She was made a saint of the Church of England and was later canonized by the Catholic Church. Fast Facts: Hildegard of Bingen Known For: German mystic, religious leader, and saintAlso Known As: Saint Hildegard, Sibyl  of the  RhineBorn: 1098 in  Bermersheim vor der Hà ¶he, GermanyParents: Mechtild of Merxheim-Nahet,  Hildebert of BermersheimDied: September 17, 1179 in  Bingen am Rhein, GermanyEducation: Privately educated in at the  Benedictine  cloister of Disibodenberg by Jutta, a sister of the count of SpanheimPublished Works:  Symphonia armonie celestium revelationum, Physica, Causae et Curae, Scivias, Liber Vitae Meritorum, (Book of the Life of Merits), Liber Divinorum Operum (Book of the Divine Works)Awards and Honors:  Canonized in 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI; proclaimed a doctor of the church in the same yearNotable Quote: Woman may be made from man, but no man can be made without a woman. Hildegard of Bingen Biography Born in Bemersheim (Bà ¶ckelheim), West Franconia (now Germany), in 1098, Hildegard of Bingen was the 10th child of a well-to-do family. Shed had visions connected with illness (perhaps migraines) from a young age, and in 1106 her parents sent her to a 400-year-old Benedictine monastery that had only recently added a section for women. They put her under the care of a noblewoman and resident there named Jutta, calling Hildegard the familys tithe to God. Jutta, whom Hildegard later referred to as an unlearned woman, taught Hildegard to read and write. Jutta became the abbess of the convent, which attracted other young women of noble background. In that time, convents were often places of learning, a welcome home to women who had intellectual gifts. Hildegard, as was true of many other women in convents at the time, learned Latin, read the scriptures, and had access to many other books of religious and philosophical nature. Those who have traced the influence of ideas in her writings find that Hildegard must have read quite extensively. Part of the Benedictine rule required study, and Hildegard clearly availed herself of the opportunities. Founding a New, Female House When Jutta died in 1136, Hildegard was elected unanimously as the new abbess. Rather than continue as part of a double house- a monastery with units for men and for women- Hildegard in 1148 decided to move the convent to Rupertsberg, where it was on its own and not directly under the supervision of a male house. This gave Hildegard considerable freedom as an administrator, and she traveled frequently in Germany and France. She claimed that she was following Gods order in making the move, firmly opposing her abbots opposition. She assumed a rigid position, lying like a rock until he gave his permission for the move. The move was completed in 1150. The Rupertsberg convent grew to as many as 50 women and became a popular burial site for the wealthy of the area. The women who joined the convent were of wealthy backgrounds, and the convent did not discourage them from maintaining something of their lifestyle. Hildegard of Bingen withstood criticism of this practice, claiming that wearing jewelry to worship God was honoring God, not practicing selfishness. She later also founded a daughter house in Eibingen. This community is still in existence. Hildegards Work and Visions Part of the Benedictine rule is labor, and Hildegard spent early years in nursing and at Rupertsberg in illustrating (illuminating) manuscripts. She hid her early visions; only after she was elected abbess did she receive a vision that she said clarified her knowledge of the psaltery...the evangelists and the volumes of the Old and New Testament. Still showing much self-doubt, she began to write and share her visions. Papal Politics Hildegard of Bingen lived at a time when, within the Benedictine movement, there were stresses on the inner experience, personal meditation, an immediate relationship with God, and visions. It was also a time in Germany of striving between papal authority and the authority of the German (Holy Roman) emperor and by a papal schism. Hildegard of Bingen, through her many letters, took to task both the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the archbishop of Main. She wrote to such luminaries as King Henry II of England and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine. She also corresponded with many individuals of low and high estate who wanted her advice or prayers. Hildegards Favorite Richardis or Ricardis von Stade, one of the convents nuns who was a personal assistant to Hildegard of Bingen, was a special favorite of Hildegard. Richardis brother was an archbishop, and he arranged for his sister to head another convent. Hildegard tried to persuade Richardis to stay and wrote insulting letters to the brother and even wrote to the pope, hoping to stop the move. But Richardis left and died after she decided to return to Rupertsberg but before she could do so. Preaching Tour In her 60s, Hildegard of Bingen began the first of four preaching tours, speaking mostly in other communities of Benedictines such as her own and other monastic groups, but also sometimes speaking in public settings. Hildegard Defies Authority A final famous incident happened near the end of Hildegards life when she was in her 80s. She allowed a nobleman who had been excommunicated to be buried at the convent, seeing that he had last rites. She claimed shed received word from God allowing the burial. But her ecclesiastical superiors intervened and ordered the body exhumed. Hildegard defied the authorities by hiding the grave, and the authorities excommunicated the entire convent community. Most insultingly to Hildegard, the interdict prohibited the community from singing. She complied with the interdict, avoiding singing and communion, but did not comply with the command to exhume the corpse. Hildegard appealed the decision to yet higher church authorities and finally had the interdict lifted. Hildegard of Bingen Writings The best-known writing of Hildegard of Bingen is a trilogy (1141–1152) including Scivias, Liber Vitae Meritorum, (Book of the Life of Merits), and Liber Divinorum Operum (Book of the Divine Works). These include records of her visions- many are apocalyptic- and her explanations of scripture and salvation history. She also wrote plays, poetry, and music, and many of her hymns and song cycles are recorded today. She even wrote on medicine and nature- and its important to note that for Hildegard of Bingen, as for many in medieval times, theology, medicine, music, and similar topics were united, not separate spheres of knowledge. Was Hildegard a Feminist? Today, Hildegard of Bingen is celebrated as a feminist. This has to be interpreted within the context of her times. On the one hand, she accepted many of the assumptions of the time about the inferiority of women. She called herself a paupercula feminea forma or poor weak woman, and implied that the current feminine age was thereby a less-desireable age. That God depended on women to bring his message was a sign of the chaotic times, not a sign of the advance of women. On the other hand, she exercised considerably more authority than most women of her time in practice, and she celebrated feminine community and beauty in her spiritual writings. She used the metaphor of marriage to God, though this was not her invention nor a new metaphor- and it was not universal. Her visions have female figures in them: Ecclesia, Caritas (heavenly love), Sapientia, and others. In her texts on medicine, she included topics that male writers usually avoided, such as how to deal with menstrual cramps. She also wrote a text just on what is today called gynecology. Clearly, she was a more prolific writer than most women of her era; more to the point, she was more prolific than most of the men of the time. There were some suspicions that her writing was not her own and could instead be attributed to her scribe Volman, who seems to have taken the writings that she put down and made permanent records of them. But even in her writing after he died, her usual fluency and complexity of writing is present, which would be counterevidence to the theory of his authorship. Sainthood Perhaps because of her famous (or infamous) flouting of ecclesiastical authority, Hildegard of Bingen was not initially canonized by the Roman Catholic Church as a saint, although she was honored locally as a saint. The Church of England considered her a saint. On May 10, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI officially declared her a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Later that year on October 7, he named her a Doctor of the Church (meaning her teachings are recommended doctrine). She was the fourth woman to be so honored, after Teresa of Avila, Catherine of Siena, and Tà ©rà ¨se of Lisieux. Death Hildegard of Bingen died  on September 17, 1179, at age 82. Her feast day is September 17. Legacy Hildegard of Bingen was, by modern standards, not as revolutionary as she might have been considered in her time. She preached the superiority of order over change, and the church reforms she pushed for included the superiority of ecclesiastical power over secular power, and of popes over kings. She opposed the Cathar heresy in France and had a long-running rivalry (expressed in letters) with another figure whose influence was unusual for a woman, Elisabeth of Shonau. Hildegard of Bingen is probably more properly classified as a prophetic visionary rather than a mystic, as revealing knowledge from God was more her priority than her own personal experience or union with God. Her apocalyptic visions of the consequences of acts and practices, her lack of concern for herself, and her sense that she was the instrument of Gods word to others differentiate her from many of the female and male mystics near her time. Her music is performed today and her spiritual works are read as examples of a feminine interpretation of church and spiritual ideas. Sources â€Å"A Contemporary Look at Hildegard of Bingen.†Ã‚  Healthy Hildegard, 21 Feb. 2019.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"St. Hildegard.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2019.Franciscan Media. â€Å"Saint Hildegard of Bingen.†Ã‚  Franciscan Media, 27 Dec. 2018.

Global Warming, El Nino, and other Climate Phenomena

Global Warming, El Nino, and other Climate Phenomena The weather we experience is a manifestation of the climate we live in. Our climate is affected by global warming, which has led to many observed changes, including warmer sea temperatures, warmer air temperatures, and changes in the hydrological cycle. In addition, our weather is also affected by natural climate phenomena that operate over hundreds or thousands of miles. These events are often cyclic, as they reoccur at time intervals of various lengths. Global warming can affect the intensity and return intervals of these events. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its 5th Assessment Report in 2014, with a chapter devoted to the effects of climate change on these large scale climate phenomena. Here are some important findings: Monsoons are seasonal wind reversal patterns accompanied by significant rainfall. They are responsible, for example, for the summer thunderstorm periods in Arizona and New Mexico, and the torrential downpours in India’s rainy season. Overall, monsoon patterns will increase in area and intensity with continued climate change. They will start earlier in the year and end later than what had been the average.In North America, where monsoons are limited to the U.S. Southwest region, no change in precipitation due to global warming has been clearly observed. A decrease in the length of the season has been observed, though, and monsoons are expected to be delayed during the year. So there appears to be no relief in sight for the observed (and predicted) increase in frequency of extreme summer temperatures in the U.S. Southwest, contributing to drought.The amount of precipitation from monsoon rains is forecasted to be higher in the more pessimistic scenarios considered by the IPCC. In a scenario of continued reliance on fossil fuel and the absence of carbon capture and storage, total precipitation from monsoons, globally, is estimated to increase by 16% by the end of the 21st century. The El Nià ±o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a large area of unusually warm water that develops in the Pacific Ocean off South America, affecting weather over a large portion of the globe. Our ability to model future climates while taking into account El Nià ±o has improved, and it appears that variability in precipitation will increase. In other words, some El Nià ±o events will produce more rainfall and snowfall than expected in some areas of the globe, while others will produce less precipitation than expected.The frequency of tropical cyclones (tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons) is likely to stay the same or decrease, globally. The intensity of these storms, both in wind speed and precipitation, is likely to increase. There are no clear changes predicted for the track and intensity of North American extra-tropical storms (Hurricane Sandy became one of those cyclonic storms outside of the tropics).  Ã‚   Predictive models have improved significantly in the last few years, and they are currently being refined to resolve remaining uncertainties. For example, scientists have little confidence when trying to predict changes in monsoons in North America. Pinpointing the effects of the El Nià ±o cycles or the intensity of tropical cyclones in specific areas has also been difficult. Finally, the phenomena described above are largely know by the public, but there are many other cycles: examples include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation. The interactions between these phenomena, regional climates, and global warming make the business of scaling down global change predictions to specific locations bewilderingly complex. Source IPCC, Fifth Assessment Report. 2013. Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change.

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both Essay

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both governments and business - Essay Example Lord Stern further pointed out that the increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other toxic chemicals into our atmosphere seems to represent a ‘business-as-usual’ attitude which does not bode well for our environment. He calculates that every ton of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere implies a $30 charge for the social cost and if not stopped, about 1-2% of our global GDP per year would be reduced. Our industries would also have to suffer the higher cost of climate change through adjustments in their carbon emissions (Meister, 2008). The tourist industry would also likely be impacted by global warming because businesses would incur losses or closures caused by waves, hurricanes, floods, and storms. These weather disturbances would likely reduce â€Å"international outbound and inbound tourist traffic† (Meister, 2008). Many heritage sites which are top tourist draws are also often damaged by these weather disturbances. In the end, these areas will lose the ir attractiveness; and as a result fewer tourists would visit these places (Meister, 2008). The challenge for the tourist industry would now be on how to stay economically viable despite global warming conditions. This would likely prompt these businesses to either find alternative sources of business or to help maintain such tourist spots and prevent them from deteriorating. The areas which would likely be impacted significantly by the global warming phenomenon are the third world nations like Bangladesh and areas like Mumbai in India and Indonesia; these areas have low coastlines and would likely be affected the most by global warming (Webber, 2002). The floods caused by monsoon rains as well as the droughts in some parts of the world are just some of the occurrences which are likely to be seen with more frequency in the coming years. The challenge for businesses in these areas would be on how to stay afloat amidst these weather disturbances which may destroy their crops and disru pt their supply chains. Insurers have a major share in companies, including those in the oil industry. The challenge for them is on the pressure they can exert on these companies in order to prompt them to recover their losses amidst natural disasters and also how these insurance companies can still gain profits (Webber, 2002). The challenge for businesses is on the switch to fuels which they have to implement in order to help reduce the emissions of toxic chemicals. The challenge is for them to use alternative sources of fuel which would create less greenhouse gases. Fuel switching would be a costly venture for most businesses because these sources of fuel are limited sources and would require more than the usual processing (Webber, 2002). Moreover, these alternative sources of fuel would cost millions to structure in to the industries. In the end, these financial costs are often passed to the consumers – consumers who are already undergoing various economic difficulties in recent years. Economists also point out that for companies who are located in areas which are often visited by droughts or floods, insurance companies may eventually find them uninsurable (Hagen, 2007). Many farmers would also likely invest in new areas which may be

Unethical Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unethical Behavior - Assignment Example The organization should outline some strategic goals and objectives in the company for the help of proper management. Again, the management team should formulate roles and responsibilities accompanied by ethical behaviors in the company (Jackson, 2011). The roles and responsibilities will reduce unethical and moral behavior practiced by the employees and other teams in the company. Currently, the JPMorgan & company are bearing largest history issues of fraud in the civil society. The company is in a position to get in to deep matters of finding the cause and solution of unethical and immoral behavior in the business (Jackson, 2011). According to the latest news from the internet, JPMorgan is the latest show of unethical behaviors practiced by the workers within the company. In order to do away with the bad issues, the company has paid the security investigations from the business traders to settle down the problem of the frauds in relation to unethical behaviors. Bryan Cain-Jackson (2011). Unethical Behavior. A Journal of JPMorgans Latest Show of Unethical Behavior, Wednesday July 13, 2011 Retrieved from

Boeing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Boeing - Case Study Example The delay has been a record seven years putting into doubt the ability of the Air liner manufacturer into question. However, for the profit oriented customers, the delay is usually viewed as incompetence. For management students, the problem is not really centered on technical incompetence, but more of the management of the processes leading to the final production of the aircraft. (Wallace 2005) On the other hand, still the manufacturing firm has its reasons for delays mainly eyeing required improvements, technical aspects and of concern, there is no single point where they look at their problem as originating from their management. As a management student, I learn that the final result is as much dependent on the planning of the tasks as it is on the coherence and harnessing of technical aspects of the project in question. This is the purpose of this study, to look at the problem facing Boeing from a management angle giving solutions based on this and particularly on project management. The study will therefore involve four parts of study which will look at the actual delays, causes of these delays, analysis of the problem experienced, how to avoid such situations in the future, how to limit the delays and finally make recommendations on the making of complex technological components in future . The first roll out of the Boeing was supposed to be on July 2007; however, at the set time, the manufacturer released a statement stating that the designated launch of the complete plane would not take place at that time. The reason for this was given to be that some of the major and essential systems for the plane had not been installed at the time. Besides, the statement continued that the bonding of the plane was done by use of fasteners which were temporary and they awaited the required flight fasteners which had not been delivered at the time. (Barry 2006). Three months down the line, they gave another delay statement this time besides the fasteners; they also said that they had incomplete software making it impossible to carry out the launch. The second delay statement was given on October 2007 this time; the delay they said was as a result of a lapse in their supply chain. The supply chain incorporated both the domestic suppliers and the foreign suppliers. The items named as lacking due to the lapse were the fasteners; there was a problem with documentation released by the foreign suppliers and the software problem was also mentioned again as a cause for the delay. Note for the third delay, only one additional problem had been cited. The other two were recurrent problems. As a result of these delays, there were some dismissals most notable being the program manager. Their statement though read that the delays were not the cause for the dismissal. The third delay statement came on January 2008. This statement emphasized that no much progress had been made concerning the delay reasons cited earlier. Besides, they said that some of the processing that was initially to be carried out by their suppliers was to be done within its manufacturing center. To this they said that the surface for these processes still had some ground to be covered. Three months down the line that being on April 2008, Boeing issued a fourth statement still on delay. This time, no specific reasons for the delay were given but a look at the past happenings may indicate a strain on the finances or re route of effort. This was mainly because

Discuss how Apple Computers can bring manufacturing jobs make to the Essay

Discuss how Apple Computers can bring manufacturing jobs make to the United States - Essay Example The cost of producing an I-Phone in China is a fraction of what it is in the U.S. This is partly down to cheap labor costs in China vis-a-vis the United States. Huge incentives and subsidies are also directed at technology companies from the Chinese government. The government should similarly offer tax breaks to Apple and other technology companies to ship jobs back to the U.S (Pisano & Wily 8). This will ensure Apple remains competitive even while manufacturing in the U.S. If this happens, jobs shall be created in the shipping industry deriving from the increased movement of parts and raw materials from China to the U.S. The disadvantage in this move is that the government will forego large amounts of revenue from a company that already rakes in a fortune in terms of revenue. However, as its increasingly becoming apparent, costs are not the sole motivator behind Apples decision to relocate to China. A poorly skilled workforce in the United States is also to blame. The immediate solution to this is upgrading workers skills. This is best done through employee training programs by the government. However, this does not to suggest that American workers are totally deficient of skills in demand; instead, they need to fine-tune their technical or mid-level skills. Majority of Americans are armed with first-rate qualifications, but the technical side of their training can not live up to the demands of a global company of Apple’s size. Even if, they had the necessary qualifications, the company would not obtain them in the numbers required. This deficiency could be plugged by relaxing visa rules to allow easier entry of Chinese, or other equally skilled workers to take up the extra jobs (Pisano & Wily 9). Even when that is done, a more flexible workforce will be required. Up scaling happens at extremely short notice; thus, it would be difficult to achieve that considering the fact people are only familiar with nine to five jobs, in the U.S.

Problem Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem Identification - Essay Example Change management encompasses planning, oversight or governance, project management, testing, and implementation. Knowledge Gaps: As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments. That gap in knowledge between these segments is defined as knowledge gap. The organization over a period of time has created a definite distance between what is planned on the design board and what is on the field. This may not have been a deliberate act of separation, but very un-intentional as the changes happened over extended periods of time. When the copiers were actually placed at the customer premises, and the field service teams started facing problems and were unable to service them for whatever reasons the replace warranty given by the organization started becoming costly and the service manuals released prior to the product release were becoming more and more not-so-relevant. Research methodology: This research will use the mixed-method design, but will lean more toward the evidences that have been quoted in various knowledge management studies. Since the Knowledge management area of study is relatively new area of study not much of quantitative information is readily available in free domain. This will be the primary limitation of the research

The rate of the reaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of the reaction Essay

Book of Galatians

Book of Galatians Introduction The Book of Galatians highly believed to be written by Apostle Paul was written in its original form as instructions to the Christians in southern Galatia, which was a Roman province in what is now Turkey. Galatia was the area where on his first missionary journey Paul established the congregations in Pisidia Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe . Although there have been several other books written by bible scholars alike on Pauls   letter to the Galatians but that of Ralph Martin and Julie Wu under review is by normal standard one of the best annotated books of understanding. The book is explicit and clear in its outline with the use of interesting pictures and boxes to highlight points in a very concise manner, the colour combination is attractive and makes the book appeal to reading and learning. Authorship and date Paul was attributed to have written no fewer than thirteen epistles in the New Testament. Out of this thirteen, seven are almost universally accepted, three are considered in some academic circles as other than Pauline for textual and grammatical reasons, and the other three are in dispute in those same circles. It was gathered that Paul writing documented today in the book of Galatians was a dictation through a secretary (or amanuensis), who would usually paraphrase the gist of his message, as was the practice among first-century scribes. It was also gathered that the message in the book of Galatians was first circulated among the Christians, where they were read aloud by members of the church along with other works. That was why some bible scholars regard Pauls epistles which was said to have been written between 50-62 to be one of the earliest-written books, if not the first written book of the New Testament as they were cited around c. 96 by Clement of Rome. It must be emphasised that this letter which was largely traceable to Paul was part of the intensive trips/missions to the east and west of the Aegean Sea†¦during which he concentrated in the succession of the provinces of Galatia, Macedona, Achaia and Asia Although, scholars have not agreed on a specific date because the exact year is difficult to determine, but some placed the date of Pauls writing his letter to the Galatians between 48 to 52 AD. To some scholars the date was a time when Pauls writing was put before the Jerusalem Council. According to then, the materials before the Council dealt with the issue of circumcision and the Law of Moses and whether such issue is relevant in view of the New Testament teachings. The argument here is that Pauls letter to the Galatians did not mention the Jerusalem Council and that if the council had met before the date of Pauls writing his letter, Paul would have mentioned the decisions of the apostolic council in Jerusalem. Before of this assumption, scholars believed Paul must have written this letter to the Galatians before the Jerusalem Council, which was around 48 to 49 AD. Expectedly, there is another group of scholars who argued that Pauls Galatian letter should be dated at a date after the Jerusalem Council. According to this group, Paul began his second missionary journey after the Council had met. This group cited Acts 16:4 where it was recorded that Paul revisited the churches of Galatia to deliver the decisions reached by the apostles and elders in the Jerusalem Council. They also argued that it was after this date that Paul went to Greece to teach for close to two years while on his second missionary journey, this would place the date of its being written around 52 AD. Purpose Galatians purpose was primarily to resolve the dispute among churches in Galatians. During Pauls mission in Corinth, false teachers were overturning the decision of the Jerusalem Council by claiming that the Gentile Christians must be circumcised according to the Law of Moses to be saved. To try to settle the matter, Paul wrote his letter to the Galatians from Corinth, where he was unable to leave his missionary work at the time. In other words, Paul wrote his letter to Galatians while in Corinth. Another purpose is for Paul to counter the Judaizer view. Paul was particularly interested in refuting the false teachers spread by false teachers and to remind the Galatians of the roots of their faith. The three issues surrounding false teaching Paul was trying to tackle include: That Paul was not a true apostle and did not have the full backing of the church in Jerusalem and that they (the false teachers) are the true apostle accredited by James; That while Paul brought the Galatians the gospel of Jesus Christ, he had failed to give them the full undiluted gospel and that; Without adherence to the Jewish Law, the church would have no ethical guidelines and would fall into immorality. Structure The book of Galatians has 6 Chapters, and was written in polemical style and tone, yet with a clear rhetorical structure and deep pastoral concern for the readers, to enforce the twin themes of faith and freedom (9). The book is carefully structured into five distinct parts. The first part contained greetings and introduction (Galatians 1:1-10). The second part (Galatians 1:11-2:21) was used to defend Paul apostolic ministry of the pure gospel as against the false teachers. The third part was used to defend the gospel of justification and salvation by grace and faith alone (Galatians 3:1-4:31) while the fourth part was dedicated to defending the freedom Christians have to love one another and live by the Spirit. Galatians 5:1-6:10. The last part includes conclusion and summation (Galatians 6:11-18). Conclusion This work has been to review Pauls letters to the Galatians at the time the false prophets and teachers were spreading fake counsels and heresies about Paul and his teachings. The book was structurally crafted to treat the purpose and intent of Paul in a very clear manner. Pauls Galatians is regarded as his very first epistle in the New Testament.

John Edgar Hoover :: essays research papers

John Edgar Hoover G-men, Feds, Special Agents and Detectives, all names for members of a nationally, elite police force known as the Federal Bureau of Investigation. But how would you act if you found out that the G-men was started by a cross dressing homosexual? John Edgar Hoover was born in Washington, D.C. on January 1, 1895. His father, Dickerson Hoover, was a printmaker, but he had a mental breakdown in 1921 and he spent his last eight years in Laurel Asylum. This dramatically reduced the family income and Hoover had to leave school and seek employment. Hoover found work as a messenger boy in the Library of Congress, but highly ambitious, spent his evenings studying for a law degree at George Washington University. After Graduation, Hoover's uncle, a judge, helped him find work in the Justice Department. After only two years in the organization, Alexander M. Palmer, the attorney general, made Hoover his special assistant. Hoover was given responsibility of heading a new section that had been formed to gather evidence on "revolutionary and ultra-revolutionary groups.† Over the next couple of years Hoover had the task of organizing the arrest and deportation of suspected communists in America. This was known as the Red Scare. From his previous work in the Library of Congress, Hoover decided to catalog all of the suspected communist. Over the next few years 450,000 names were indexed and detailed biographical notes were written up on the 60,000 that Hoover considered the most dangerous. Hoover then advised Palmer to have these people rounded up and deported. On 7th November, 1919, the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution, over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists were arrested in twenty-three different cities. However, the vast majorities of these people were American citizens and had to be eventually released. However, Hoover now had the names of hundreds of lawyers who were willing to represent radicals in court. These were now added to his growing list of names in his indexed database. Hoover was appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation in 1924. The three years that he had spent in the organization had convinced Hoover that the organization needed to improve the quality of its staff. Great care was spent in recruiting and training agents. In 1926 Hoover established a fingerprint file that eventually became the largest in the world. The power of the bureau was limited. Law enforcement was a state activity, not a federal one.

Hawthornes Scarlet Letter - Tragic Hero or Merely Tragic? :: Scarlet Letter essays

Arthur: Tragic Hero or Merely Tragic? In Nathaniel Hawthorne's torrid tale of The Scarlet Letter, Arthur Dimmesdale, a main character, is confronted with a number of circumstances, both in and out of his control, that lead to his ultimate demise. While it can be argued that Arthur is a tragic hero, he lacks the underlying goodness and strength essential for him to fulfill this role. Otherwise, it may be demonstrated that Arthur meets all the criteria as a tragic hero, though there are other discrepancies to be noted. Arthur Dimmesdale, a minister, lives his life under the watchful yet admiring eye of the townspeople of Boston and, as a result, becomes a slave to the public opinion. His sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight. He keeps his dreadful secret from all those under his care in the church for seven years for fear that he will lose their love and they will not forgive him. He is too weak to admit his sins openly and in their entirety. Instead, he allows his parishioners to lift him in their esteem by confessing, in all humility, that he is a sinner: "The minister well knew--subtle but remorseful hypocrite that he was!--the light in which his vague confession would be viewed." (127) They love him all the more for his honest and humble character, and this is Arthur's intent. Even as he plans to run away with Hester four days after their meeting in the forest, he comforts himself with the knowledge that he will give h is sermon on predestination on the third day, and thus will leave his community with fond memories of his final exhortation. Arthur's flaw can be found in the fact that he chooses to value the public view above those of Hester, his love, and God, his master. Arthur, punishing himself for his ugly secret, which his need for public affirmation will not let him reveal, gradually kills himself through guilt and masochistic ritual. His inward trouble drove him more in accordance with the old, corrupted faith of Rome, than with the better light of the church in which he had been born and bred. In Mr. Dimmesdale's secret closet, under lock and key, there was a bloody scourge. Oftentimes, this Protestant and Puritan divine had plied it on his own shoulders; laughing bitterly at himself all the while.