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Free Essays on Narration

My â€Å"Little† Adventure There are many nerve-wrecking things that children do to their parents when they are very young. This story about my life is very true. When I was around two years old, I decided to ride my tricycle to Eat ‘n Park. It was a beautiful summer day in the Pittsburgh area. One morning, my grandfather, father, sister, brother and I went to breakfast at Eat ‘n Park. I loved the food and the company of others that I decided to go back again. The next day, my grandfather had gone back down to the restaurant. My brother, sister, neighbor children and I were in the fenced off back yard playing. I found my tricycle in the front yard and I climbed the wired fence with my trike. I rode up Bayonne Road to the stop sign. When I reached the top of the hill, I made a left and went down Beechview Road to Crane Ave. I made a left down the hill on Crane Ave, a very busy and dangerous road. When I reached the armory on the right hand side, a young girl stopped because she did not think I should have been there. She even stopped another car so no one would think she was kidnapping me. She asked you if you knew how to get home. I did not even talk around that age. I was a very quiet young boy. I said to the young lady, â€Å"I live at mommy’s house†. She brought me home. My mother was frantically looking everywhere for you when the lady pulled up with you in the car. When my family tells me this story, I used to laugh, now I do not. The reason I do not laugh anymore is because this was a life-threatening situation and I might have died that day. This is a story that I will remember for a long time. The day that I took my â€Å"little† adventure to Eat ‘n Park.... Free Essays on Narration Free Essays on Narration My â€Å"Little† Adventure There are many nerve-wrecking things that children do to their parents when they are very young. This story about my life is very true. When I was around two years old, I decided to ride my tricycle to Eat ‘n Park. It was a beautiful summer day in the Pittsburgh area. One morning, my grandfather, father, sister, brother and I went to breakfast at Eat ‘n Park. I loved the food and the company of others that I decided to go back again. The next day, my grandfather had gone back down to the restaurant. My brother, sister, neighbor children and I were in the fenced off back yard playing. I found my tricycle in the front yard and I climbed the wired fence with my trike. I rode up Bayonne Road to the stop sign. When I reached the top of the hill, I made a left and went down Beechview Road to Crane Ave. I made a left down the hill on Crane Ave, a very busy and dangerous road. When I reached the armory on the right hand side, a young girl stopped because she did not think I should have been there. She even stopped another car so no one would think she was kidnapping me. She asked you if you knew how to get home. I did not even talk around that age. I was a very quiet young boy. I said to the young lady, â€Å"I live at mommy’s house†. She brought me home. My mother was frantically looking everywhere for you when the lady pulled up with you in the car. When my family tells me this story, I used to laugh, now I do not. The reason I do not laugh anymore is because this was a life-threatening situation and I might have died that day. This is a story that I will remember for a long time. The day that I took my â€Å"little† adventure to Eat ‘n Park....

Hildegard of Bingen, Mystic, Writer, Composer, Saint

Hildegard of Bingen, Mystic, Writer, Composer, Saint Hildegard of Bingen (1098–September 17, 1179) was a medieval mystic and visionary and Abbess of Bingens Benedictine community. She was also a prolific composer and the author of several books on spirituality, visions, medicine, health and nutrition, nature. A powerful figure within the church, she corresponded with Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and other major political figures of the time. She was made a saint of the Church of England and was later canonized by the Catholic Church. Fast Facts: Hildegard of Bingen Known For: German mystic, religious leader, and saintAlso Known As: Saint Hildegard, Sibyl  of the  RhineBorn: 1098 in  Bermersheim vor der Hà ¶he, GermanyParents: Mechtild of Merxheim-Nahet,  Hildebert of BermersheimDied: September 17, 1179 in  Bingen am Rhein, GermanyEducation: Privately educated in at the  Benedictine  cloister of Disibodenberg by Jutta, a sister of the count of SpanheimPublished Works:  Symphonia armonie celestium revelationum, Physica, Causae et Curae, Scivias, Liber Vitae Meritorum, (Book of the Life of Merits), Liber Divinorum Operum (Book of the Divine Works)Awards and Honors:  Canonized in 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI; proclaimed a doctor of the church in the same yearNotable Quote: Woman may be made from man, but no man can be made without a woman. Hildegard of Bingen Biography Born in Bemersheim (Bà ¶ckelheim), West Franconia (now Germany), in 1098, Hildegard of Bingen was the 10th child of a well-to-do family. Shed had visions connected with illness (perhaps migraines) from a young age, and in 1106 her parents sent her to a 400-year-old Benedictine monastery that had only recently added a section for women. They put her under the care of a noblewoman and resident there named Jutta, calling Hildegard the familys tithe to God. Jutta, whom Hildegard later referred to as an unlearned woman, taught Hildegard to read and write. Jutta became the abbess of the convent, which attracted other young women of noble background. In that time, convents were often places of learning, a welcome home to women who had intellectual gifts. Hildegard, as was true of many other women in convents at the time, learned Latin, read the scriptures, and had access to many other books of religious and philosophical nature. Those who have traced the influence of ideas in her writings find that Hildegard must have read quite extensively. Part of the Benedictine rule required study, and Hildegard clearly availed herself of the opportunities. Founding a New, Female House When Jutta died in 1136, Hildegard was elected unanimously as the new abbess. Rather than continue as part of a double house- a monastery with units for men and for women- Hildegard in 1148 decided to move the convent to Rupertsberg, where it was on its own and not directly under the supervision of a male house. This gave Hildegard considerable freedom as an administrator, and she traveled frequently in Germany and France. She claimed that she was following Gods order in making the move, firmly opposing her abbots opposition. She assumed a rigid position, lying like a rock until he gave his permission for the move. The move was completed in 1150. The Rupertsberg convent grew to as many as 50 women and became a popular burial site for the wealthy of the area. The women who joined the convent were of wealthy backgrounds, and the convent did not discourage them from maintaining something of their lifestyle. Hildegard of Bingen withstood criticism of this practice, claiming that wearing jewelry to worship God was honoring God, not practicing selfishness. She later also founded a daughter house in Eibingen. This community is still in existence. Hildegards Work and Visions Part of the Benedictine rule is labor, and Hildegard spent early years in nursing and at Rupertsberg in illustrating (illuminating) manuscripts. She hid her early visions; only after she was elected abbess did she receive a vision that she said clarified her knowledge of the psaltery...the evangelists and the volumes of the Old and New Testament. Still showing much self-doubt, she began to write and share her visions. Papal Politics Hildegard of Bingen lived at a time when, within the Benedictine movement, there were stresses on the inner experience, personal meditation, an immediate relationship with God, and visions. It was also a time in Germany of striving between papal authority and the authority of the German (Holy Roman) emperor and by a papal schism. Hildegard of Bingen, through her many letters, took to task both the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the archbishop of Main. She wrote to such luminaries as King Henry II of England and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine. She also corresponded with many individuals of low and high estate who wanted her advice or prayers. Hildegards Favorite Richardis or Ricardis von Stade, one of the convents nuns who was a personal assistant to Hildegard of Bingen, was a special favorite of Hildegard. Richardis brother was an archbishop, and he arranged for his sister to head another convent. Hildegard tried to persuade Richardis to stay and wrote insulting letters to the brother and even wrote to the pope, hoping to stop the move. But Richardis left and died after she decided to return to Rupertsberg but before she could do so. Preaching Tour In her 60s, Hildegard of Bingen began the first of four preaching tours, speaking mostly in other communities of Benedictines such as her own and other monastic groups, but also sometimes speaking in public settings. Hildegard Defies Authority A final famous incident happened near the end of Hildegards life when she was in her 80s. She allowed a nobleman who had been excommunicated to be buried at the convent, seeing that he had last rites. She claimed shed received word from God allowing the burial. But her ecclesiastical superiors intervened and ordered the body exhumed. Hildegard defied the authorities by hiding the grave, and the authorities excommunicated the entire convent community. Most insultingly to Hildegard, the interdict prohibited the community from singing. She complied with the interdict, avoiding singing and communion, but did not comply with the command to exhume the corpse. Hildegard appealed the decision to yet higher church authorities and finally had the interdict lifted. Hildegard of Bingen Writings The best-known writing of Hildegard of Bingen is a trilogy (1141–1152) including Scivias, Liber Vitae Meritorum, (Book of the Life of Merits), and Liber Divinorum Operum (Book of the Divine Works). These include records of her visions- many are apocalyptic- and her explanations of scripture and salvation history. She also wrote plays, poetry, and music, and many of her hymns and song cycles are recorded today. She even wrote on medicine and nature- and its important to note that for Hildegard of Bingen, as for many in medieval times, theology, medicine, music, and similar topics were united, not separate spheres of knowledge. Was Hildegard a Feminist? Today, Hildegard of Bingen is celebrated as a feminist. This has to be interpreted within the context of her times. On the one hand, she accepted many of the assumptions of the time about the inferiority of women. She called herself a paupercula feminea forma or poor weak woman, and implied that the current feminine age was thereby a less-desireable age. That God depended on women to bring his message was a sign of the chaotic times, not a sign of the advance of women. On the other hand, she exercised considerably more authority than most women of her time in practice, and she celebrated feminine community and beauty in her spiritual writings. She used the metaphor of marriage to God, though this was not her invention nor a new metaphor- and it was not universal. Her visions have female figures in them: Ecclesia, Caritas (heavenly love), Sapientia, and others. In her texts on medicine, she included topics that male writers usually avoided, such as how to deal with menstrual cramps. She also wrote a text just on what is today called gynecology. Clearly, she was a more prolific writer than most women of her era; more to the point, she was more prolific than most of the men of the time. There were some suspicions that her writing was not her own and could instead be attributed to her scribe Volman, who seems to have taken the writings that she put down and made permanent records of them. But even in her writing after he died, her usual fluency and complexity of writing is present, which would be counterevidence to the theory of his authorship. Sainthood Perhaps because of her famous (or infamous) flouting of ecclesiastical authority, Hildegard of Bingen was not initially canonized by the Roman Catholic Church as a saint, although she was honored locally as a saint. The Church of England considered her a saint. On May 10, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI officially declared her a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. Later that year on October 7, he named her a Doctor of the Church (meaning her teachings are recommended doctrine). She was the fourth woman to be so honored, after Teresa of Avila, Catherine of Siena, and Tà ©rà ¨se of Lisieux. Death Hildegard of Bingen died  on September 17, 1179, at age 82. Her feast day is September 17. Legacy Hildegard of Bingen was, by modern standards, not as revolutionary as she might have been considered in her time. She preached the superiority of order over change, and the church reforms she pushed for included the superiority of ecclesiastical power over secular power, and of popes over kings. She opposed the Cathar heresy in France and had a long-running rivalry (expressed in letters) with another figure whose influence was unusual for a woman, Elisabeth of Shonau. Hildegard of Bingen is probably more properly classified as a prophetic visionary rather than a mystic, as revealing knowledge from God was more her priority than her own personal experience or union with God. Her apocalyptic visions of the consequences of acts and practices, her lack of concern for herself, and her sense that she was the instrument of Gods word to others differentiate her from many of the female and male mystics near her time. Her music is performed today and her spiritual works are read as examples of a feminine interpretation of church and spiritual ideas. Sources â€Å"A Contemporary Look at Hildegard of Bingen.†Ã‚  Healthy Hildegard, 21 Feb. 2019.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"St. Hildegard.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2019.Franciscan Media. â€Å"Saint Hildegard of Bingen.†Ã‚  Franciscan Media, 27 Dec. 2018.

Global Warming, El Nino, and other Climate Phenomena

Global Warming, El Nino, and other Climate Phenomena The weather we experience is a manifestation of the climate we live in. Our climate is affected by global warming, which has led to many observed changes, including warmer sea temperatures, warmer air temperatures, and changes in the hydrological cycle. In addition, our weather is also affected by natural climate phenomena that operate over hundreds or thousands of miles. These events are often cyclic, as they reoccur at time intervals of various lengths. Global warming can affect the intensity and return intervals of these events. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its 5th Assessment Report in 2014, with a chapter devoted to the effects of climate change on these large scale climate phenomena. Here are some important findings: Monsoons are seasonal wind reversal patterns accompanied by significant rainfall. They are responsible, for example, for the summer thunderstorm periods in Arizona and New Mexico, and the torrential downpours in India’s rainy season. Overall, monsoon patterns will increase in area and intensity with continued climate change. They will start earlier in the year and end later than what had been the average.In North America, where monsoons are limited to the U.S. Southwest region, no change in precipitation due to global warming has been clearly observed. A decrease in the length of the season has been observed, though, and monsoons are expected to be delayed during the year. So there appears to be no relief in sight for the observed (and predicted) increase in frequency of extreme summer temperatures in the U.S. Southwest, contributing to drought.The amount of precipitation from monsoon rains is forecasted to be higher in the more pessimistic scenarios considered by the IPCC. In a scenario of continued reliance on fossil fuel and the absence of carbon capture and storage, total precipitation from monsoons, globally, is estimated to increase by 16% by the end of the 21st century. The El Nià ±o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a large area of unusually warm water that develops in the Pacific Ocean off South America, affecting weather over a large portion of the globe. Our ability to model future climates while taking into account El Nià ±o has improved, and it appears that variability in precipitation will increase. In other words, some El Nià ±o events will produce more rainfall and snowfall than expected in some areas of the globe, while others will produce less precipitation than expected.The frequency of tropical cyclones (tropical storms, hurricanes, and typhoons) is likely to stay the same or decrease, globally. The intensity of these storms, both in wind speed and precipitation, is likely to increase. There are no clear changes predicted for the track and intensity of North American extra-tropical storms (Hurricane Sandy became one of those cyclonic storms outside of the tropics).  Ã‚   Predictive models have improved significantly in the last few years, and they are currently being refined to resolve remaining uncertainties. For example, scientists have little confidence when trying to predict changes in monsoons in North America. Pinpointing the effects of the El Nià ±o cycles or the intensity of tropical cyclones in specific areas has also been difficult. Finally, the phenomena described above are largely know by the public, but there are many other cycles: examples include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, and the North Atlantic Oscillation. The interactions between these phenomena, regional climates, and global warming make the business of scaling down global change predictions to specific locations bewilderingly complex. Source IPCC, Fifth Assessment Report. 2013. Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change.

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both Essay

Discuss the challenges that global warming presents to both governments and business - Essay Example Lord Stern further pointed out that the increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other toxic chemicals into our atmosphere seems to represent a ‘business-as-usual’ attitude which does not bode well for our environment. He calculates that every ton of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere implies a $30 charge for the social cost and if not stopped, about 1-2% of our global GDP per year would be reduced. Our industries would also have to suffer the higher cost of climate change through adjustments in their carbon emissions (Meister, 2008). The tourist industry would also likely be impacted by global warming because businesses would incur losses or closures caused by waves, hurricanes, floods, and storms. These weather disturbances would likely reduce â€Å"international outbound and inbound tourist traffic† (Meister, 2008). Many heritage sites which are top tourist draws are also often damaged by these weather disturbances. In the end, these areas will lose the ir attractiveness; and as a result fewer tourists would visit these places (Meister, 2008). The challenge for the tourist industry would now be on how to stay economically viable despite global warming conditions. This would likely prompt these businesses to either find alternative sources of business or to help maintain such tourist spots and prevent them from deteriorating. The areas which would likely be impacted significantly by the global warming phenomenon are the third world nations like Bangladesh and areas like Mumbai in India and Indonesia; these areas have low coastlines and would likely be affected the most by global warming (Webber, 2002). The floods caused by monsoon rains as well as the droughts in some parts of the world are just some of the occurrences which are likely to be seen with more frequency in the coming years. The challenge for businesses in these areas would be on how to stay afloat amidst these weather disturbances which may destroy their crops and disru pt their supply chains. Insurers have a major share in companies, including those in the oil industry. The challenge for them is on the pressure they can exert on these companies in order to prompt them to recover their losses amidst natural disasters and also how these insurance companies can still gain profits (Webber, 2002). The challenge for businesses is on the switch to fuels which they have to implement in order to help reduce the emissions of toxic chemicals. The challenge is for them to use alternative sources of fuel which would create less greenhouse gases. Fuel switching would be a costly venture for most businesses because these sources of fuel are limited sources and would require more than the usual processing (Webber, 2002). Moreover, these alternative sources of fuel would cost millions to structure in to the industries. In the end, these financial costs are often passed to the consumers – consumers who are already undergoing various economic difficulties in recent years. Economists also point out that for companies who are located in areas which are often visited by droughts or floods, insurance companies may eventually find them uninsurable (Hagen, 2007). Many farmers would also likely invest in new areas which may be

Unethical Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unethical Behavior - Assignment Example The organization should outline some strategic goals and objectives in the company for the help of proper management. Again, the management team should formulate roles and responsibilities accompanied by ethical behaviors in the company (Jackson, 2011). The roles and responsibilities will reduce unethical and moral behavior practiced by the employees and other teams in the company. Currently, the JPMorgan & company are bearing largest history issues of fraud in the civil society. The company is in a position to get in to deep matters of finding the cause and solution of unethical and immoral behavior in the business (Jackson, 2011). According to the latest news from the internet, JPMorgan is the latest show of unethical behaviors practiced by the workers within the company. In order to do away with the bad issues, the company has paid the security investigations from the business traders to settle down the problem of the frauds in relation to unethical behaviors. Bryan Cain-Jackson (2011). Unethical Behavior. A Journal of JPMorgans Latest Show of Unethical Behavior, Wednesday July 13, 2011 Retrieved from

Boeing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Boeing - Case Study Example The delay has been a record seven years putting into doubt the ability of the Air liner manufacturer into question. However, for the profit oriented customers, the delay is usually viewed as incompetence. For management students, the problem is not really centered on technical incompetence, but more of the management of the processes leading to the final production of the aircraft. (Wallace 2005) On the other hand, still the manufacturing firm has its reasons for delays mainly eyeing required improvements, technical aspects and of concern, there is no single point where they look at their problem as originating from their management. As a management student, I learn that the final result is as much dependent on the planning of the tasks as it is on the coherence and harnessing of technical aspects of the project in question. This is the purpose of this study, to look at the problem facing Boeing from a management angle giving solutions based on this and particularly on project management. The study will therefore involve four parts of study which will look at the actual delays, causes of these delays, analysis of the problem experienced, how to avoid such situations in the future, how to limit the delays and finally make recommendations on the making of complex technological components in future . The first roll out of the Boeing was supposed to be on July 2007; however, at the set time, the manufacturer released a statement stating that the designated launch of the complete plane would not take place at that time. The reason for this was given to be that some of the major and essential systems for the plane had not been installed at the time. Besides, the statement continued that the bonding of the plane was done by use of fasteners which were temporary and they awaited the required flight fasteners which had not been delivered at the time. (Barry 2006). Three months down the line, they gave another delay statement this time besides the fasteners; they also said that they had incomplete software making it impossible to carry out the launch. The second delay statement was given on October 2007 this time; the delay they said was as a result of a lapse in their supply chain. The supply chain incorporated both the domestic suppliers and the foreign suppliers. The items named as lacking due to the lapse were the fasteners; there was a problem with documentation released by the foreign suppliers and the software problem was also mentioned again as a cause for the delay. Note for the third delay, only one additional problem had been cited. The other two were recurrent problems. As a result of these delays, there were some dismissals most notable being the program manager. Their statement though read that the delays were not the cause for the dismissal. The third delay statement came on January 2008. This statement emphasized that no much progress had been made concerning the delay reasons cited earlier. Besides, they said that some of the processing that was initially to be carried out by their suppliers was to be done within its manufacturing center. To this they said that the surface for these processes still had some ground to be covered. Three months down the line that being on April 2008, Boeing issued a fourth statement still on delay. This time, no specific reasons for the delay were given but a look at the past happenings may indicate a strain on the finances or re route of effort. This was mainly because

Discuss how Apple Computers can bring manufacturing jobs make to the Essay

Discuss how Apple Computers can bring manufacturing jobs make to the United States - Essay Example The cost of producing an I-Phone in China is a fraction of what it is in the U.S. This is partly down to cheap labor costs in China vis-a-vis the United States. Huge incentives and subsidies are also directed at technology companies from the Chinese government. The government should similarly offer tax breaks to Apple and other technology companies to ship jobs back to the U.S (Pisano & Wily 8). This will ensure Apple remains competitive even while manufacturing in the U.S. If this happens, jobs shall be created in the shipping industry deriving from the increased movement of parts and raw materials from China to the U.S. The disadvantage in this move is that the government will forego large amounts of revenue from a company that already rakes in a fortune in terms of revenue. However, as its increasingly becoming apparent, costs are not the sole motivator behind Apples decision to relocate to China. A poorly skilled workforce in the United States is also to blame. The immediate solution to this is upgrading workers skills. This is best done through employee training programs by the government. However, this does not to suggest that American workers are totally deficient of skills in demand; instead, they need to fine-tune their technical or mid-level skills. Majority of Americans are armed with first-rate qualifications, but the technical side of their training can not live up to the demands of a global company of Apple’s size. Even if, they had the necessary qualifications, the company would not obtain them in the numbers required. This deficiency could be plugged by relaxing visa rules to allow easier entry of Chinese, or other equally skilled workers to take up the extra jobs (Pisano & Wily 9). Even when that is done, a more flexible workforce will be required. Up scaling happens at extremely short notice; thus, it would be difficult to achieve that considering the fact people are only familiar with nine to five jobs, in the U.S.

Problem Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problem Identification - Essay Example Change management encompasses planning, oversight or governance, project management, testing, and implementation. Knowledge Gaps: As the infusion of mass media information into a social system increases, segments of the population with higher socio-economic status tend to acquire this information at a faster rate than the lower status segments. That gap in knowledge between these segments is defined as knowledge gap. The organization over a period of time has created a definite distance between what is planned on the design board and what is on the field. This may not have been a deliberate act of separation, but very un-intentional as the changes happened over extended periods of time. When the copiers were actually placed at the customer premises, and the field service teams started facing problems and were unable to service them for whatever reasons the replace warranty given by the organization started becoming costly and the service manuals released prior to the product release were becoming more and more not-so-relevant. Research methodology: This research will use the mixed-method design, but will lean more toward the evidences that have been quoted in various knowledge management studies. Since the Knowledge management area of study is relatively new area of study not much of quantitative information is readily available in free domain. This will be the primary limitation of the research

The rate of the reaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of the reaction Essay

Book of Galatians

Book of Galatians Introduction The Book of Galatians highly believed to be written by Apostle Paul was written in its original form as instructions to the Christians in southern Galatia, which was a Roman province in what is now Turkey. Galatia was the area where on his first missionary journey Paul established the congregations in Pisidia Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe . Although there have been several other books written by bible scholars alike on Pauls   letter to the Galatians but that of Ralph Martin and Julie Wu under review is by normal standard one of the best annotated books of understanding. The book is explicit and clear in its outline with the use of interesting pictures and boxes to highlight points in a very concise manner, the colour combination is attractive and makes the book appeal to reading and learning. Authorship and date Paul was attributed to have written no fewer than thirteen epistles in the New Testament. Out of this thirteen, seven are almost universally accepted, three are considered in some academic circles as other than Pauline for textual and grammatical reasons, and the other three are in dispute in those same circles. It was gathered that Paul writing documented today in the book of Galatians was a dictation through a secretary (or amanuensis), who would usually paraphrase the gist of his message, as was the practice among first-century scribes. It was also gathered that the message in the book of Galatians was first circulated among the Christians, where they were read aloud by members of the church along with other works. That was why some bible scholars regard Pauls epistles which was said to have been written between 50-62 to be one of the earliest-written books, if not the first written book of the New Testament as they were cited around c. 96 by Clement of Rome. It must be emphasised that this letter which was largely traceable to Paul was part of the intensive trips/missions to the east and west of the Aegean Sea†¦during which he concentrated in the succession of the provinces of Galatia, Macedona, Achaia and Asia Although, scholars have not agreed on a specific date because the exact year is difficult to determine, but some placed the date of Pauls writing his letter to the Galatians between 48 to 52 AD. To some scholars the date was a time when Pauls writing was put before the Jerusalem Council. According to then, the materials before the Council dealt with the issue of circumcision and the Law of Moses and whether such issue is relevant in view of the New Testament teachings. The argument here is that Pauls letter to the Galatians did not mention the Jerusalem Council and that if the council had met before the date of Pauls writing his letter, Paul would have mentioned the decisions of the apostolic council in Jerusalem. Before of this assumption, scholars believed Paul must have written this letter to the Galatians before the Jerusalem Council, which was around 48 to 49 AD. Expectedly, there is another group of scholars who argued that Pauls Galatian letter should be dated at a date after the Jerusalem Council. According to this group, Paul began his second missionary journey after the Council had met. This group cited Acts 16:4 where it was recorded that Paul revisited the churches of Galatia to deliver the decisions reached by the apostles and elders in the Jerusalem Council. They also argued that it was after this date that Paul went to Greece to teach for close to two years while on his second missionary journey, this would place the date of its being written around 52 AD. Purpose Galatians purpose was primarily to resolve the dispute among churches in Galatians. During Pauls mission in Corinth, false teachers were overturning the decision of the Jerusalem Council by claiming that the Gentile Christians must be circumcised according to the Law of Moses to be saved. To try to settle the matter, Paul wrote his letter to the Galatians from Corinth, where he was unable to leave his missionary work at the time. In other words, Paul wrote his letter to Galatians while in Corinth. Another purpose is for Paul to counter the Judaizer view. Paul was particularly interested in refuting the false teachers spread by false teachers and to remind the Galatians of the roots of their faith. The three issues surrounding false teaching Paul was trying to tackle include: That Paul was not a true apostle and did not have the full backing of the church in Jerusalem and that they (the false teachers) are the true apostle accredited by James; That while Paul brought the Galatians the gospel of Jesus Christ, he had failed to give them the full undiluted gospel and that; Without adherence to the Jewish Law, the church would have no ethical guidelines and would fall into immorality. Structure The book of Galatians has 6 Chapters, and was written in polemical style and tone, yet with a clear rhetorical structure and deep pastoral concern for the readers, to enforce the twin themes of faith and freedom (9). The book is carefully structured into five distinct parts. The first part contained greetings and introduction (Galatians 1:1-10). The second part (Galatians 1:11-2:21) was used to defend Paul apostolic ministry of the pure gospel as against the false teachers. The third part was used to defend the gospel of justification and salvation by grace and faith alone (Galatians 3:1-4:31) while the fourth part was dedicated to defending the freedom Christians have to love one another and live by the Spirit. Galatians 5:1-6:10. The last part includes conclusion and summation (Galatians 6:11-18). Conclusion This work has been to review Pauls letters to the Galatians at the time the false prophets and teachers were spreading fake counsels and heresies about Paul and his teachings. The book was structurally crafted to treat the purpose and intent of Paul in a very clear manner. Pauls Galatians is regarded as his very first epistle in the New Testament.

John Edgar Hoover :: essays research papers

John Edgar Hoover G-men, Feds, Special Agents and Detectives, all names for members of a nationally, elite police force known as the Federal Bureau of Investigation. But how would you act if you found out that the G-men was started by a cross dressing homosexual? John Edgar Hoover was born in Washington, D.C. on January 1, 1895. His father, Dickerson Hoover, was a printmaker, but he had a mental breakdown in 1921 and he spent his last eight years in Laurel Asylum. This dramatically reduced the family income and Hoover had to leave school and seek employment. Hoover found work as a messenger boy in the Library of Congress, but highly ambitious, spent his evenings studying for a law degree at George Washington University. After Graduation, Hoover's uncle, a judge, helped him find work in the Justice Department. After only two years in the organization, Alexander M. Palmer, the attorney general, made Hoover his special assistant. Hoover was given responsibility of heading a new section that had been formed to gather evidence on "revolutionary and ultra-revolutionary groups.† Over the next couple of years Hoover had the task of organizing the arrest and deportation of suspected communists in America. This was known as the Red Scare. From his previous work in the Library of Congress, Hoover decided to catalog all of the suspected communist. Over the next few years 450,000 names were indexed and detailed biographical notes were written up on the 60,000 that Hoover considered the most dangerous. Hoover then advised Palmer to have these people rounded up and deported. On 7th November, 1919, the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution, over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists were arrested in twenty-three different cities. However, the vast majorities of these people were American citizens and had to be eventually released. However, Hoover now had the names of hundreds of lawyers who were willing to represent radicals in court. These were now added to his growing list of names in his indexed database. Hoover was appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation in 1924. The three years that he had spent in the organization had convinced Hoover that the organization needed to improve the quality of its staff. Great care was spent in recruiting and training agents. In 1926 Hoover established a fingerprint file that eventually became the largest in the world. The power of the bureau was limited. Law enforcement was a state activity, not a federal one.

Hawthornes Scarlet Letter - Tragic Hero or Merely Tragic? :: Scarlet Letter essays

Arthur: Tragic Hero or Merely Tragic? In Nathaniel Hawthorne's torrid tale of The Scarlet Letter, Arthur Dimmesdale, a main character, is confronted with a number of circumstances, both in and out of his control, that lead to his ultimate demise. While it can be argued that Arthur is a tragic hero, he lacks the underlying goodness and strength essential for him to fulfill this role. Otherwise, it may be demonstrated that Arthur meets all the criteria as a tragic hero, though there are other discrepancies to be noted. Arthur Dimmesdale, a minister, lives his life under the watchful yet admiring eye of the townspeople of Boston and, as a result, becomes a slave to the public opinion. His sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight. He keeps his dreadful secret from all those under his care in the church for seven years for fear that he will lose their love and they will not forgive him. He is too weak to admit his sins openly and in their entirety. Instead, he allows his parishioners to lift him in their esteem by confessing, in all humility, that he is a sinner: "The minister well knew--subtle but remorseful hypocrite that he was!--the light in which his vague confession would be viewed." (127) They love him all the more for his honest and humble character, and this is Arthur's intent. Even as he plans to run away with Hester four days after their meeting in the forest, he comforts himself with the knowledge that he will give h is sermon on predestination on the third day, and thus will leave his community with fond memories of his final exhortation. Arthur's flaw can be found in the fact that he chooses to value the public view above those of Hester, his love, and God, his master. Arthur, punishing himself for his ugly secret, which his need for public affirmation will not let him reveal, gradually kills himself through guilt and masochistic ritual. His inward trouble drove him more in accordance with the old, corrupted faith of Rome, than with the better light of the church in which he had been born and bred. In Mr. Dimmesdale's secret closet, under lock and key, there was a bloody scourge. Oftentimes, this Protestant and Puritan divine had plied it on his own shoulders; laughing bitterly at himself all the while.

Organizational Metaphors Essay

The two metaphors that I am about to describe to you are machines and organisms. I am also going to note what each metaphor suggests about how humans and their behavior are perceived in the organization. I will also let you know the similarities and differences in the two metaphors. Also conclude on how the ability to switch between metaphors might enhance effective leadership and organizational behavior. The machines one tends to think of inputs and outputs, standardization, productivity, measurement, and control. The organization tends to want the workers to just perform the mechanics of the job. They want them to not think about what to do, just perform with manpower. They just wanted them to be the energy to propel the organizational machine. The jobs they were required to perform were more simplified so that the workers were cheap and easy to train, supervise, and replace. This helped them to interchange workers as they needed at any given time. The human behavior perceived in this machines metaphor was they were just there to do their job and they had no input in what was being done. This metaphor showed me how an organization can perceive a worker in their job functions. Some organizations make their employees feel that they are just a body there doing the work that needs to be done. The organism metaphor is a living system existing in a wider environment depending on the workers various needs. There is no one best way to design or manage an organization. The flow of information between different parts of the systems and its environment is the key to the organization’s success. It is important to maximize the fit between individual, team and organizational needs. This metaphor represents the organization as an ‘open system’. Organizations are seen as sets of interrelated sub-systems designed to balance the requirements of the environment with internal needs of groups and individuals. This metaphor informed me how a worker can be perceived as an organism in a system. They can learn and adapt to different things in the job functions. As far as the similarities in organisms and machines, they both want their businesses to be profitable. The differences are organisms are more receptive to environmental feedback than machines. Machines tend to be more efficient and do things in an orderly way. Machines can only be replaced or repaired; they cannot develop. In knowing what one’s employees are as far as the metaphors of the organization, you will then be able to adapt to each set of employees in their job functions. If one would know what metaphor they pertain to, one will know how to lead them in the right direction in advancement in their job performance. Let’s say one would have an employee that doesn’t have as much self-esteem as the other employee, you would have to handle them more carefully than with the employee that has more self-esteem. You would just need to motivate and encourage them in a positive way so that they know they can achieve anything that comes up. Organizational metaphors can determine how we think about organizations and affect how we work and make decisions. Morgan (2006) has explored and developed the art of reading organizations and letting us comprehend the conflict and complexity of the organization. If managed in ways that link strategic thinking, active executive search, and careful organizational development, leadership transitions can advance the purposefulness of the organization. Leaders take their roles on boundaries, thus regulating the flow of uncertainty from a fast changing wider environment such that their units have focus and a calmer context within which to do work. We must see that organizations exist in the socioeconomic environment the way fish exist in the ocean, and the way we exist in the physical environment. In knowing the similarities and differences in each metaphor, the manager of the organization will be able to use the organism in the area that it is needed the most and also use the machine in the area where it is needed the most. The organism can adapt to different environments and the machine can perform repetitively the same functions. The metaphors are most valuable in the organization once you train and coach ones employees, you will know which metaphor is best used within the organization.

Mapleland Fiber Network (MFN) Essay

The city of Mapleland, Oregon, which owns and operates its own power utility, built a fiber-optic network to monitor power meters at residents’ homes. The network is called Mapleland Fiber Network (MFN). Because MFN had more capacity than was needed to monitor meters, the city expanded its services to offer access to the network for citybusinesses. The businesses use the network to communicate with each other and to access the Internet. At the MFN headend, which is located with the city government offices, three routers and WAN links connect to the Internet for use by the city. The businesses on MFN also use these routers to reach the Internet. In addition to the business service, MFN also offers cable modem service to homes. A cable modem router at the MFN headend connects to the fiber-optic network. In the city neighborhoods, hybrid fiber-coax nodes bring coax cabling to each street and into the homes for cable modem Internet access. The MFN backbone consists of a fiber-optic Gigabit Ethernet network that runs through the city in a ring topology. The fiber-optic ring connects the hybrid fiber-coax nodes that bring coax cabling to each neighborhood. Also connected to the ring are six data routers. Each router links one or more Mapleland businesses to MFN via simple point-to-point connections. At the business, the fiber-optic network enters the building and connects to a media converter. A UTP cable connects to the media converter and typically to a 100-Mbps Ethernet switch. The switch links the business’s computers and servers in a star opology via UTP cabling. 1. Draw a network map that shows the topology of the MFN and how the main components are connected. 2. What other information would you gather to improve your map and add more detail? 3. Mapleland is considering expanding the MFN to include wireless access for its residences. What additional investigation will you do to prepare for a citywide wireless network? 4. What security concerns do you have for the wireless network?

The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain

The Left Brain vs. the Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning Over the years, schools have been teaching in the traditional way. This has proven to be successful for many students, but not all. By breaking down the brain and how each side of it processes information could make a more conducive learning environment. If both sides are maximized in the classroom, all of the students are able to excel. Which should be the goal of all schools. Before comparing the styles, knowing how the brain processes the information for different people needs to be looked at.The brain processes information by the type of information that it is. Each side of the brain will process information differently. The left side of the brain will generally process information in a linear fashion. It will take the information and put it in a line and then draw the conclusion at the end. This is a sequential type of thinking. The left brain excels at information that comes in symbols, such as math formulas. It think of things in a logical sense. It can work through a problem in the logical sequence to come to the conclusion or answer.The left brained individual does not have any issues with expressing themselves verbally. They know what they want to say, and they can say it correctly. The left brained person is grounded in the world of reality. They are able to adjust to their surroundings (Templeton, 2012). On the other hand, the right brained person is the opposite. Instead of being linear in their way of thinking, the right brained person likes to know what the result is before discussing the topic. They need to know what the â€Å"big picture† is first so that they know where they are going.The right brained individual will jump around from task to task, not doing them in a sequential order. They still complete the tasks, but they will not prioritize the tasks. Where the left brained person likes symbols, the right brained person likes to deal with things that they can touch, r eal objects. The left brain looks at things in a logical manner, the right brain does things that feel right. They will base choices off of how they feel about something. A right brained person will want to see things visually. They will make mental pictures of the things that are discussed.The right brained person may have difficulty in meeting deadlines because they want to change the things around them and are less attune to reality (Templeton, 2012). Now that the aspects of each side of the brain has been described, are we able to only function with one side of the brain? To read some of the literature that is out there on the subject, you would assume that this is what people think. If this was the case, then we would only have that side of the brain. The brain was made to work with both sides in conjunction with each other.Yet, most people will be dominate one side more than the other. Radwan (2012) list ways that a person with either side brain dominant can use the other side . For example, a person that is left brained dominant should try to refrain from using only logic to make a decision. Radwan (2012) suggest listening to music while reading. that way the right side of the brain can be active in the process. For the person that is right brained, they should try to find out as much as they can about the issue or situation. Get more details about it.They should also try using more numbers, this way the left side of the brain is working, too, according to Radwan (2012). How is the traditional way of teaching conducted? According to Novak (1998), the traditional way of teaching is where the teacher is the one with the power and responsibility, they play the role of the instructor. They teach through lectures. They will be the one that decides the curriculum and what they want the students to learn. Novak (1998) also states that the teachers are the reason that learning happens and that the students need to have the information that they are missing, give n to them.The classroom is generally set up with the desks or tables in a row with the teacher in the front of the classroom. The most important part of this process is the content and delivery of the lesson. It is believed that the student gets their knowledge through practice, which could include the note taking. This type of teaching will be competitive. (Johnson, 1991). Traditional style teaching can cause learning issues for some students. Not every person has the ability to learn this way. In a competitive arena, those that do not excel, may get left behind because they feel insignificant to the others.If they are wrong in the front of the class, they may not want to answer questions, due to the feeling of being ridiculed. This type of teaching does not take into account the creative side of the student. The student that starts to â€Å"move back into their shell†, has the potential to start to fall behind. With the traditional style, that student will have a challenge to catch up since the technique is to continue to teach, fill the student with more knowledge. Brain based teaching is a different type of teaching then the traditional way. It is geared more for the success of the student.It is broken down into three areas, before, during and after class. The before class section, which is conducted way in advance of the class, has two steps: pre-exposure and the environment. The pre-exposure has the teacher plan for those students that will need some extra help. The teacher determines how they will engage the students, making it interactive, to make them remember more of the lesson. The environment cannot always be adjusted, but when it can, the teacher will want to make the students feel safe. They will want to allow the students to sit wherever they want to.The temperature and lighting will need to be adjusted and watched to ensure it is conducive with the learning environment. (Jensen, 2005) During the class, the teacher wants to ensure that th ey engage both the mind and body. This will keep the student awake and interested in the material. The next step will be to â€Å"frame† the lesson. This step gets the student interested in the lesson. It is like a motivator for the student to learn the material. Acquisition is the next aspect that needs to be looked at. This focuses on input where the students and teacher interact and learn from each other.The teacher will want to elaborate on the topic to ensure that the learning has more detail. When the student has learned something new, time needs to be added at the end of class to reinforce the memory so that it can be recalled later. This is a very important part that is not done with traditional teaching. (Jensen, 2005) Jensen (2005) states that the after class section has two steps: â€Å"settling time and rest and review and revision. † It is believed that rather than teaching a mass amount of information, interval learning is the better way.Giving the studen ts time to allow the information to settle by giving them breaks. As time goes on, the students will start to forget the information that was taught to them. If time is set aside to review the information and revise the students knowledge, they will remember it longer. A study was conducted in Pakistan to find out which style of teaching is more productive. It was conducted in Pakistan because the only style that has ever been taught is the traditional style. Fifty students were used in the study; twenty-five were the control, traditional, and twenty-five were the experimental.All of the students were given a pre-test in physics. The scores were recorded and then they were taught in the two different styles. At the end of the study, they were given a post-test. The results showed that the students that studied under the brain based technique were able to learn and retain more compared to the students under the traditional style. (Ali, 2010) For years schools have taught using the tr aditional style of teaching. Knowing what each side of the brain processes and using that to teach students has proven to be effective.By combining the creative side with the linear side ensures that students stay interested in the material. By staying interested, they are able to learn more, and more importantly, retain more information. References Ali, R. , Hukamdad, Ghazi, S. , Shahzad, S. , & Khan, H. (2010). The Impact of Brain Based Learning on Students Academic Achievement. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research In Business, 2 (2). 542-556. Jensen, E. (2005). Teaching with the Brain in Mind. Alexandria, VA. Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development.Johnson D, Johnson R. (1991). Learning Together and Alone ed3. ;Allyn & Bacon, Sydney. Novak, J. (1998). Learning, Creating and Using Knowledge: Concept Maps as Facilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; New Jersey, pp 24-25. Radwan, M. (2012). Learn How To Use Both Side s of Your Brain (the Left and Right Hemisphere. Retrieved from: http://www. 2knowmyself. com/The_brain/learn_how_ use_both_sides_of_your_brain_left_right. Templeton, M. (2012). Learning Styles. Retrieved from: http://frank. mtsu. edu/~studskl/hd/ learn. html.

15 Terms for Forms and Types of Governance

15 Terms for Forms and Types of Governance 15 Terms for Forms and Types of Governance 15 Terms for Forms and Types of Governance By Mark Nichol Is the United States a democracy, or a republic? (Both.) What’s the difference between an autocracy and a dictatorship? (There is none.) These and other questions of usage are answered with definitions and connotations of terms referring to forms and philosophies of government listed below: 1. Anarchy: Anarchy is from the Greek word meaning â€Å"no rule† and refers to a society without government. Because this is an impractical if not impossible condition, it is generally used in a looser sense of chaos. 2. Authoritarian: Less a form of government than a description, this term connotes an oppressive form of rule in which citizens’ rights are restricted, putatively for the society’s security and stability. A single head of state often dominates a country with authoritarian rule, but it’s likely that more than one person has significant power. 3. Autocracy: An autocracy (from the Greek words for â€Å"self† and â€Å"rule† but referring not to self-determination but to â€Å"one who rules by himself†) is a government led by one person with dictatorial power. 4. Cabal: Ultimately derived from the Hebrew word adopted for the name of the mystical Kabbalah philosophy of Judaism, cabal refers not to a form of government but to the machinations of an insurrectionary group, or to the group itself. (By extension, it can refer to any group outside of the political realm.) The term, thanks to its frequent use by conspiracy theorists, has an unfortunate association with paranoid delusions about secret societies and behind-the-scenes manipulation of government affairs. 5. Dictatorship: This term, stemming from the Latin word meaning â€Å"to declare† and originally a reference to a temporary emergency government established by the Roman Senate, now refers to an autocratic rule by one or more people. The word has a negative connotation and is rarely or ever used by such a government. 6. Federation: A federation (the word is from the Latin term for â€Å"compact† or â€Å"league† and ultimately derived from the word for â€Å"trust†) is a form of government in which subordinate jurisdictions such as states or provinces reserve some sovereignty and/or rights under a national government. (A related term, confederation, implies a more loosely allied group of sovereign states.) 7. Junta: This term also spelled junto and derived from the Spanish word for â€Å"joined,† refers to a postrevolutionary government and carries a sense of a tightly controlled government. 8. Democracy: In its literal sense, a democracy is, as its Greek etymology specifies, a rule of the people. In practice, however, the term is interchangeable with republic, in that it refers to a system of government in which the will of the people is carried out by elected representatives. 9. Monarchy: A monarchy (from the Greek term meaning â€Å"rule by one†) is a government led by a person usually selected by hereditary succession. However, the ruler’s authority may vary from nominal (a figurehead) to absolute (a despot). Most current monarchies are technically constitutional, or limited, monarchies, meaning that the ruler is subject to laws that protects citizens’ rights. 10. Oligarchy: No government is literally an oligarchy (the word is from the Greek term for â€Å"rule of the few†), but that description is used often to refer to the fact that a nation’s wealthiest people generally have an inordinate influence on governance because of their ties to elected officials. The implication is that a government so influenced is corrupt and predicated on the oligarchy’s self-interest. 11. Regime: The Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary definition of this term â€Å"lawful control over the affairs of a political unit† is oddly neutral, considering that the connotation is invariably of a repressive dictatorship. 12. Republic: A republic (the word is Latin for â€Å"public thing†) is a government whose authority is based on citizen voters represented by elected officials chosen in free elections, as opposed to a monarchy or a dictatorship. 13. Theocracy: A theocracy, from the Greek word meaning â€Å"rule of God,† refers to a government controlled by religious authorities. The connotation is that the government is repressive and intolerant of values that conflict with the dominant theology. 14. Totalitarian: Derived from the Italian word for â€Å"totality,† this word describes a dictatorial government. 15. Tyranny: Tyranny is a condition in which a nation is under the rule of a tyrant, who seized power illegally and governs with few or no checks and balances. The term was originally a neutral word meaning â€Å"monarchy,† but it acquired the connotation of â€Å"despot† and is by extension often employed to an overbearing authority figure such as a parent or a boss. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words"Certified" and "Certificated"20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

Summary Example

Summary Example Summary – Article Example First Last 4 September Framing Energy Security between Russia and South Korea: a Summary For severalyears, South Korea and Russia have been involved in fuel and energy projects having Russia as the producer and South Korea, the consumer and distributor. One of the biggest projects was the Kovykta PNG project which started on December, 1997. The original plan was to build pipelines and deliver natural gas from Eastern Siberia to the participating countries: Japan, China, Mongolia and South Korea who proposed North Korea to be also part of the project. Although this has been a very promising project, the hopes of providing one-third of South Korea’s annual fuel demand in 30 years was suspended. This was because of the new nationalist views that Russia should prioritize Russian consumers and protect its natural resources. The Kovykta project with South Korea was discontinued (Ahn 593).The Sakhalin gas project has been the first successful energy project between Russia and South K orea. Sakhalin has produced 60M barrels of oil that was exported to seven countries. In a signed contract, Sakhalin Energy has agreed to provide 1.5 metric tons of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to South Korea. It is now the closest source of LNG, taking only two to three days for delivery. Because of the good quality of Sakhalin’s crude oil, South Korea has also been importing this for production of diesel and kerosene (595).Other projects between South Korea and Russia included: (i) a $38B project between LG (South Korea) and Tafnet (Russia) to construct an oil refinery in Tarstan; (ii) a $50M deal by Vneshtong bank to finance acquisition of Korean equipment by Russian companies, and; (iii) a $250M agreement between Rosnef and Korea for the exploration of West Kanchatka and Sakhalin Island for oil reserves (595).Despite these projects and agreements, bilateral energy security between the two nations is still being stagnant of the lack of government policies regarding the energ y market infrastructure. For example, projects located in the trans-border will not materialize if the states around the border will not cooperate. Also, there is a lack of mutual trust between the two countries. South Korea has a few energy specialists that are capable of solving government-related issues. Thus, the Korean policy makers had only been occupied with short-term projects instead of eyeing for the longer terms. South Korean investors were also doubtful in investing in Russia’s fuel supply because the other side had failed to provide legal and infrastructural evidences to attract investors (603).Providing gas and oil to South Korea would promote growth to Russia’s economy. On the other hand, Russia’s resources would provide answers to South Korea’s energy shortage. However, in order to create a functional oil and gas pipeline, a multilateral instead of bilateral energy cooperation project should take into place between Japan, China, Korea and Russia (606).Discussion Questions:1. Why was the Kovykta project discontinued?2. What project was the most successful between South Korea and Russia?3. What are the other deals signed between South Korea and Russia?4. What are the problems of a bilateral energy cooperation project?5. How can a gas and oil pipeline be a plausible system?ReferenceShe Hyun Ahn. â€Å"Framing Energy Security between Russia and South Korea?† Asian Survey 50.3 (2010): 591-614. Summary Example Summary – Article Example Phrenology In the article, Snaring the Fowler; Mark Twain Debunks Phrenology, we find that Lorenzo Niles Fowler had gainedcelebrity status by reading people’s minds using phrenology. Many people of that time were of the belief that phrenology had the capability of explaining the totality of human experience. They wrote books that described the various ways in which phrenology can be applied, for example; to know the qualities of an employee or a potential mate (Lopez). Mark Twain was not fazed by the claims and testimonies lavished upon phrenology. He used a simple single-blind reliability test to note whether the practice was accurate in reading one’s personality. He visited Fowler’s offices for a reading in 1872 or 1873; he was disguised. Twain notes how Fowler examined bumps on his head to come up with positive qualities like; courage, spirit of daring, and fearlessness (Lopez).On the other side of his head, Fowler found cavities and used them to counter Twain ’s positive personality traits. For instance, Fowler found a cavity of Twain’s skull and concluded that he lacked a sense of humor. He found a â€Å"courage† bump, but it was canceled out by a cavity that shown a timid trait.Twain likened the readings to palmistry; he later indicates how the readings were different after he went for a second reading. This time, he identified himself and the cavity that signified a lack of humor was gone and now had a lofty sense of humor. Studying the bumps and cavities of someone’s skull to get an understanding of the brain’s underlying functions was pioneered by Frank Gall. Phrenology’s only success is that it helped researchers to focus their attention on the localization of functions of the brain. It is the idea that brain regions contain specific functions. Further research has lead to the discovery of neurons. They contain dendrites, axon and myelin that enable the neuron to send messages after stimula tion. Scientists have found out that neurotransmitters influence our moods, mental abilities and memories, not bumps on our skulls (Myers).Lopez, Delano Jose. Snaring The Fowler: Mark Twain Debunks Phrenology - CSI.  Csicop.org. N.p., 2002. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.Myers, David G.  Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers, 2004. Print. Summary Example Summary – Article Example Article Summary This paper gives a summary of the journal article, with Intellectual Disabilities Going to College? Absolutely!† authored by Kleinert, Jones, Sheppard-Jones, Harp and Harrison. This article appreciates the tremendous gains in the enrolment for postsecondary education by students with disabilities in the recent past. However, those students suffering from intellectual disabilities (ID) have widely been excluded from postsecondary education. The available opportunities for include stand-alone programs involving customized classes in college setting, integrated programs where students with and without ID undertake courses together and mixed programs encompassing both the stand-alone and integrated models. The rationale for postsecondary education for intellectually disabled students includes the associated increase in participation in community activities and improved employment outcomes.The article gives a case study of Kentucky’s Supported Higher Education Project, SHEP, where young people with ID are provided with opportunities to pursue their career goals and learn critical life skills. From this, the researchers appreciate the key to success for inclusion of students with ID as recognition of such students as members of the community with the ability to actively participate and contribute in communal activities. Individualized support models include small teams who offer person-centered support. Peer mentors could also be used, these being other students offering the requisite support. Thus educators should collaborate with local colleges to come up with new programs that support students with ID. Thus, Kleinert et al. (2012) recommend that teachers develop person-centered planning processes to prepare students with ID to transition to postsecondary education, ensure that they access grade-level general curriculum, support their involvement in extracurricular activities, access supportive technology and have an opportunity for sch ool’s guidance and counseling services. In conclusion, the article appreciates that times have changed and thus the need to develop education systems that meet the needs of all students regardless of their disabilities.ReferenceKleinert, H., Jones, M. M., Sheppard-Jones, K., Harp, B. & Harrison, E. M. (2012). Students with intellectual disabilities going to college? Absolutely! Teaching Exceptional Children, 44 (5), 26 – 35. Summary Example Summary – Article Example In Person: Columbia Banks Dressel Tries to Balance Growth and Local Focus In Person: Columbia Banks Dressel Tries to Balance Growth and Local Focus The news article is about Melanie Dressel, the CEO of Columbia Banking System (DeSilver, n.d.). It tells of the rise to success of Dressel that led to her being named for the fourth time, by the American Banker as one of the 25 most powerful women in banking. She was also named as Business Leader of the Year for 2010 by the University of Washington-Tacomas Milgard School of Business. Dressel is instrumental in the growth and success of Columbia Banking which is now 10 times the size since they started. The article gave a brief background of Dressel, tracing her roots from a little girl who helped in the jewelry and gift store of her parents to someone who wanted to be a politician. Dressel revealed that banking was not her first career choice because her early passions were drawn towards politics. She graduated from UW with a political s cience degree hoping to apply in law school. She however took a job at the Bank of California, Tacoma branch, which she taught would be a short term thing but lasted for 14 years. This marked the start of her banking career which eventually brought her to Columbia. The success of Dressel is attributed to her management style. According to Bill Philip, Puget’s retired CEO, Dressel is â€Å"a good administrator and has good people skills. She gets along well with the staff, the customers and the outside world" (DeSilver, n.d.). Dressel does not want Columbia to be considered like the other banks which does not give the personal touch to their clients, instead she wants â€Å"to take care of people in a community-bank style† (DeSilver, n.d.). This is what differentiates Dressel from the other CEOs of big banks and this is what led to her and Columbia’s success.ReferencesDeSilver, D. (n.d.). In Person: Columbia Banks Dressel tries to balance growth and local focus . Retrieved December 6, 2011, from seattletimes.nwsource.com Web site: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2016866702_inpersondressel2 8.html. Summary Example Summary – Book Report/Review Example Education and Social Change The history of social change in America is intertwined with the history ofeducation. A look into the history of social change proves that both these factors influenced each other. Education enabled certain social groups to climb the ladder of social status in different styles and at different paces. The history of social change in America can never omit the history of education. Chapter 3Education had an important role in American social development in the 19th century. During 1800s, different groups including women and African Americans faced exclusion and discrimination in the American education system. A perfect example of the role of education is the Irish immigrants. They faced serious discrimination in the 19th century and did menial jobs in the society. There were more Irish in jails than other groups (Rury 98), and they represented most of the homeless. However, the second generation of them managed to get skilled jobs, and with better financial si tuation, by the end of the 19th century, the Irish school enrollment rate was equal to that of long-settled American natives (Rury 100). In addition, by 20th century, nearly one-third of the public school teachers in New York were Irish (Rury 104). Most other ethnic groups followed similar patterns, though in a slower manner. Similar is the case of females. The change started through visionaries like Emma Willard and Horace Mann who advocated advanced education for women. Thus, by the end of 19th century, women reached jobs which required advanced education. However, African-Americans faced the toughest deal as there was strong racist ideology against them. The situation changed for a short period after the Civil War when North initiated Reconstruction (Rury 113). There was a considerable increase in the number of African American students in the South as a result. However, the reconstruction came to a halt as the White supremacists regained power. The schools for Blacks received li ttle or no assistance from the White leaders and the situation again worsened. The history of American Indians is more or less the same. Chapter 4The beginning of the 20th century witnessed considerable economic and industrial growth followed by population growth. The result was a weakening of the existing social and community bonds. In addition, there was influx of immigrants to industrial areas. Harsh working conditions resulted in revolts and labor conflicts became common. A large number of scientific advances and theories came, offering a new world order and creating uncertainty about future. This progressivism introduced two changes in education; firstly, education became more responsive to the needs of children, and secondly, schools were more closely integrated with the community. Thus, by the early 20th century, nearly half of the nation’s teenage population attended schools, and the rise of secondary schooling boosted the educational attainment in America. This incre ase in education attainment led to better productivity and efficiency (Rury 142). However, these changes did not considerably benefit women and Blacks as racism and sexism still existed. Another change during the period was the birth of modern university. Chapter 5The period after World War II witnessed â€Å"baby boom†, and a new adolescent culture emerged around educational institutions (Rury 178). As the Nazi theory of superiority was averted, many people started questioning the existing ideas of social superiority based on race. In addition, the experience of Great Depression and the growth of trade unions broke the existing concepts of social status. In addition, the increasing number of Black population in cities caused a change in racial composition of public schools. For the first time in the history of American, federal government started using schools as a way to address the problem of inequality. The period thereafter saw various initiatives from government to addr ess inequality through schools. As more teens started attending high schools, there arose an adolescent culture. They had their own entertainment; fast cars, cigarette, alcohol, sexual promiscuity, and rock-and-roll music. The period after 1950s saw an ever-larger number of youth reaching colleges. This â€Å"baby boomers† became a significant force. With distrust towards the values of the adult society, this new generation gave birth to a new â€Å"counter-culture† and impressed the same on the rest of the society (Rury 184). In total, it becomes evident that social change in America during the 19th and 20th century was considerably influenced by the developments in education. In addition, it is seen that social change had an important role in shaping American education system. Rury, John L. Education and Social Change: Contours in the History of American Schooling. New York: Routledge, 2013. Print. Summary Example Summary – Term Paper Example September 10, Summary: â€Å"Fully Training Your Food and Beverage Staff While Reducing Turnover† The article en dâ€Å"Fully Training Your Food and Beverage Staff WhileReducing Turnover† written by Craig Pendleton disclosed relevant information, specifically common issues and concerns that besiege the food and beverage (F (2) the complexity in operations within food and beverage operations which include â€Å"manufacturing, service, marketing and sales† (Pendleton 34); (3) employment preferences select F (4) personnel hired in F (5) promotions were reported to be based primarily on performance and not on leadership ability; (6) trend of high turnover rates associated with F (7) lack of understanding by personnel of F (8) outdated training materials; and (9) lack of knowledge and competencies of HRM staff regarding F (2) a more comprehensive training program should be designed to cater to the needs, demands, competencies, and skills of F (3) HR department should have a personnel who is competent and qualified on F and (4) promotions and performance evaluation should be designed based on standards, as well as abilities and aptitudes (Pendleton). Overall, Pendleton emphasized that the F&B department is a crucial part of the operations of a casino. Therefore, to ensure that F&B personnel perform in the most effective and efficient manner, proper training and development should be accorded, as consistent with the mission and vision of the organization. Likewise, to address the evident high turnover rate, the personal and professional growth of F&B personnel should be aptly taken in due consideration.Work CitedPendleton, Craig. "Fully Training Your Food and Beverage Staff While Reducing Turnover." Indian Gaming (2003): 34-35. indiangaming.com/istore/May13_Pendleton.pdf. Summary Example Summary – Article Example Summary Summary Yik Yak Company develops an anonymous social media app called the Yik Yak. The app targets mostly colleges and universities. This app is causing troubles in these institutions, which it targets. The app allows one to post an anonymous â€Å"yaks†. In most cases, the â€Å"yaks† are offensive. Eastern Michigan is among the universities, whose campuses have been affected by offensive â€Å"yaks.† Since its inception, individuals have been using the app in a negative way. Users within colleges and universities often use it to issue threats to their colleagues and even to their lecturers. Professor Margaret Crouch of the University of Eastern Michigan, is one person who has been attacked by the offensive â€Å"yaks.† A number of colleges and universities complained about this app. Some individuals suggested that the organization needs to redesign its product because it allowed criminals to issue threats to their victims. It also allowed student s to send offensive â€Å"yaks†, which others found abusive. Some individuals who have experienced harassment on Yik Yak supported a move to ban the app. In other schools, for instance, a group of African-American students at Clemson felt racially offended by some posts (Mahler 2015). They constituted part of the group that demanded the ban of this app. The organization has so far responded to these complaints and redesigned the app to prevent posting of offensive â€Å"yaks† by users. ReferenceMahler, Jonathan. (2015). Who Spewed That Abuse? Anonymous Yik Yak App Isn’t Telling. The New York Times, March 8. nytimes.com/2015/03/09/technology/popular-yik-yak-app-confers-anonymity-and-delivers-abuse.html, accessed March 27, 2015. Summary Example Summary – Case Study Example In ‘IT Doesn’t Matter’ Nicholas Carr (2003) has raised the question of the reduction of strategic importance of information technology within the wider goals and objectives of businesses. The article claims that IT has lost relevance with regards to its strategic value within a business. With commodification of information technology, easy accessibility to IT resources and development of generic software for various operations, the businesses can no longer use it as competitive advantage. Hence, increasing expenditure in the IT infrastructure must be reassessed. The rapid advancement in technology significantly enhances the prospect of existing technology becoming a burden rather than an asset. Hence, it would be prudent to use effective bargaining tools with sellers to reduce the cost of upgrade. Indeed, as Carr states, the companies must ‘manage cost and risk meticulously’. On the other hand, McAfee and Brynjolfsson (2008), in their article, Ã¢â‚¬Ë œInvesting in IT That Makes a Competitive Difference, assert that IT still remains a strong component of competitive advantage if applied within the business processes to improve and improvise outcome. Industry data from Bureau of Economic Analysis of BEA was analyzed as to how IT had changed competition dynamics. It revealed new technologies were not the main force but the innovation in processes, because through the use of technology helped companies to make a difference and gain advantage. Thus, using IT as a platform to innovate new processes within operations and propagate them widely to enhance efficiency, accuracy and timeliness becomes critical elements of competitive advantage. Hence, article reinforces the relevance of IT in creating significant difference within the industry which helps to provide competitive advantage to the firm. (words: 269)Works citedCarr, Nicholas, G. IT Doesn’t Matter. Harvard Business Review, May 2003: 41-49. PrintMcAfee, Andrew., and Brynjo lfsson, Erik. Investing in IT That Makes a Competitive Difference. Harvard Business Review, July-August 2008: 98-107. Print SUMMARY Example SUMMARY – Article Example Summary In "TV," Mary Pipher clams that TV negatively influences the development of the medium community. The iswary of the verity that TV has replaced the human relations that were in existence previously (Pipher 358). With the streets arguably getting insecure by the day, a lot of individuals have resulted to staying indoors and watch TV instead. Children no longer enjoy the play time that they used to before as they have resulted to watching TV. It is evident that TV has slowly replaced the ‘persons’ with ‘personas’ as Pipher indicates (358). Families have been affected as well. The author gives a good example of people who no longer visit their neighbors to check on their progress (Pipher 357). Visiting time has slowly been taken up by the TV. Worse still, the author is more concerned resulting from the reality that TV is on even during family special and private moments such as meal time (Pipher 357). Adults are no exception. They have been indicated to stay for long hours listening to speeches and watching violence linked movies (Pipher 358). Arguably, this influence of the TV escalates the chances that TV might lead to violence in the adults watching TV regularly. Conclusively, it is evident that the TV has changed the societal structures and the way systems were run previously. TV has destroyed family links, human relations and attitudes towards life. With this in perspective, it is recommended that individuals minimize the amount of time they dedicate to TV and focus on mending their relations. Work CitedPipher, Mary. TV. 2014. JPG  file.

Different Depictions Of War-Saving Private Ryan An Essays

Different Depictions Of War-Saving Private Ryan An Essays Different Depictions Of War-Saving Private Ryan And The Patriot Different Depictions of War Moviemakers have the power to portray the world the way they see it. And because there are so many different directors out there, we as viewers, are presented with a variety of interpretations. If a director sees love as a game, then it is so (at least until their hour and 45-minute tale of two playful lovers comes to an end). If he or she believes society to be corrupt then we will see it as such on her or his recorded picture of the world. And if one director thinks of war as completely disastrous while another sees glory in it then we would find ourselves viewing two contrasting depictions of war. Two recent films that exemplify this circumstance are Steven Speilbergs Saving Private Ryan and Roland Emmerichs The Patriot. Both movies are about an historic war, both were made around the same time, and yet both create an entirely different image of war. With the use of dramatic, literary, and cinematic aspects, Speilberg and Emmerich present their opinions, as well as emotions, on th e screen. Ryan takes place during World War II. Captain Miller (Tom Hanks) is given a mission to save Private James Ryan (Matt Damon), whose three brothers were killed in action. The Patriot is the story of a father of seven and veteran of the French and Indian War. Although he shows disapproval of the current American Revolution, personal vengeance makes him a hero in the war. Although the screenplay could account for a films viewpoint, it is the directing that creates the visual picture. Ironically, Both Ryan and The Patriot were written by the same man, Robert Rodat. This further supports the idea that the directors opinion on a topic is evident in her or his film, no matter what the screenwriters thoughts may be. Not to mention the fact that a the director usually chooses a script that suits them. Therefor, literary elements reflect the directors perspective. The setting in Ryans opening scene is a veteran cemetery where we are immediately reminded of the result of war: death. The second scene takes place on Omaha Beach, the battlefield of the tragic D-Day. Right off, we are shown that thousands died in World War II as well as what it was like. We hear soldiers praying for their lives and others praying for an accurate shot to end the life of another. Speilberg does not hesitate to plunge into the reality that in war one is either killing or dying. In The Patriot our story begins quite differently. We are first introduced to our protagonist, Benjamin (Mel Gibson), in his home as he comically fails to build a rocking chair. Like Ryan, we are introduced to the main focus of the film, but unlike Ryan, the focus is a character not a war. In addition, The Patriots main character is first presented as a father and carpenter, while we first meet Captain Miller (Tom Hanks) already involved in the war. The difference between these films is that on e uses characters to tell the story of a war, while the other uses a war to tell the story of a character. Characters are major literary elements and they, alone, illustrate the intent of each film. The British (bad guys) in The Patriot are either sinister or ignorant, while the Americans (good guys) are either brave and witty or braver and heroic. The definite line between good and evil encourages us to root for the spunky Americans. Ryan, on the other hand, makes an effort to portray its characters as realistic as possible. The soldiers are ordinary guys some likable, some not, most relatable, all believable. While Benjamin The Ghost Martin is invincible, Miller, with his shaky hand, is homesick and tired. Take Corporal Upham (Jeremy Davies), for example. Upham, without a doubt, sees the war as we see it, as Speilberg sees it, as it is. The comfort he finds in talking to others to the fear he feels about the chaos as he asks himself, What is happening? are all reactions that an everyday civilian would have to the war. In The Patriot we

A Short List of Synonyms for Shorten

A Short List of Synonyms for Shorten A Short List of Synonyms for Shorten A Short List of Synonyms for Shorten By Mark Nichol Shorten is a serviceable word for describing how to reduce the extent or length of something, but some synonyms are available to use in its place. Abbreviate stems ultimately from the Latin verb abbreviare, the root of which is from brevis, meaning â€Å"short†- the same word from which brevity (â€Å"briefness†) and brief are derived. Abridge, which has nothing to do with bridges (it has the same origin as abbreviate), is often used in the sense of diminishing effect or strength or shortening a written compensation by excising parts. To curtail is to limit or reduce as if by cutting (its obsolete predecessor, curtal, referred to cutting an animal’s tail short); its derivation is curtus, Latin for â€Å"short†- which came to be used in English as curt, an adjective usually applied to a brusque statement. Truncate is ultimately from the Latin word truncus, the source of trunk (as well as truncheon- the original term for a billy club- and the rare word obtruncate, which means â€Å"cut the top from†). The original sense is an adjective meaning â€Å"with square or even leaves†- leaves that appear to have been artificially shortened and straightened. Elide means â€Å"omit†; it usually pertains to removing a letter, word, or phrase from a document but also has a general sense of â€Å"shorten†; the noun form is elision. Syncopate means â€Å"cut short,† but it also applies to the linguistic process of syncope, in which part of a word is elided, as in g’day for â€Å"good day.† It’s also the verb form of syncopation, which refers to music rhythm based on giving stress to weak rather than strong beats. There is also a group of short words- often, in their pronunciation, suggestive of abrupt action- that refer to cutting something short, including bob, chop, clip, crop, cut, dock, lop, and snip. Other terms referring to cutting, often in reference to vegetation, include mow, pare, prune, and trim; shave and shear are similar. Prà ©cis, a noun referring to shortening or condensing (from French, and the ancestor of precise), is also a verb; other terms are compress and contract, as well as condense and its close synonym digest (from the sense of the word, also associated with assimilating food into the body, of arranging and dividing). To abstract, profile, and summarize are similar actions, though they involve outlining content rather than reducing its length. Likewise, to epitomize is to serve as an example rather than to actually reduce. Shrinking, meanwhile, involves literally reducing in size rather than abbreviating. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesExcited ABOUT, not "for" Educational vs. Educative

Business Research Methodologies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Research Methodologies - Coursework Example Research Methodology Various tools will be used to collect the extensive sets of relevant data that are required to proceed with the study. The two forms of research are primary and secondary research, where primary is based on questionnaire; interviews and secondary research is based on reports which are already made available through books, articles and internet (Goddard & Melville, 2004, p. 3-4). Research design A research design encompasses procedures and methodologies that are employed to conduct research. The research design defines the type of study: such as descriptive, experimental, semi experimental, correlation and others. Research design is also considered as a systematic and scientific search for precise information on a particular topic. One of the primary reasons for research is to find out the truth which was not revealed in due course of time. Each research has its own objectives and purposes, but in general the key objective of conducting research is to gain new ins ight and is also referred to as exploratory research. In addition, other forms of research are descriptive research, diagnostic research and to test the casual relationship which are conducted in the process of hypothesis testing (Kothari, 2008, p.2).Research design with regards to the study of management style of the supervisors to evaluate the performance of employees at Curry’s PC world is as follows: Research Philosophy: The research philosophy adopted is realism. The realism theory of philosophy was adopted because of its independent nature and is quite similar to positivism and tends to assume a scientific approach. It is mainly used because it underpins the collection of data and thereby understanding the gathered information (Collins, 2010, p.38). Research Approach: The research approach chosen for the study is inductive research approach. Here initial few observations are made and then it moves to broader theories and generalizations. It is also sometimes called the â€Å"bottom up approach.† Conclusions are usually based on premises and also tend to involve certain degree of uncertainty. Reasons for using such approach is that the researcher will be able to draw many approaches on his own as per the convenience of the study and meet with the challenges of the world (Anderson, 2004, p.103). Research strategy: Research strategy is referred to as decision about the tactics of data collection for a given study (Walsh & Wigens, 2003, p.70). The research strategy chosen for the study is through survey approach and case study analysis. Data collection methods: Data will be collected mainly through primary and secondary sources. Primary research will take into consideration the qualitative and quantitative approach. In case of primary research, data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews. For secondary approach, case study analysis will be taken into consideration to analyze the impact of supervisors on the performance of the e mployees at Curry’s PC World. Sampling method is of two types: probability sampling and non probability sampling methods. The study will take into consideration the probability sampling method also known as random sampling (Kothari, 2009, p.60). The study will adopt the simple random sampling technique, in order to gather data for the questionnaire and thereby analyze the result. For the survey, the target group will be the employees of Curry’

Caterpillar Currency Issues Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Caterpillar Currency Issues - Case Study Example Shifting currency rates are always a risk to a firm and can lead to the firm incurring many losses. However, by understanding the problem, the business is able to look at the way in which the market can be looked at and come up with solutions (Wihlborg, 2008). In Caterpillar’s case, the firm was able to reverse the adverse effects of a strong dollar by removing these processes, especially production and manufacturing functions to other countries thus neutralizing the transaction risks. This helped the firm to be able to able to overcome the shocks caused by currency exchange rates. This was achieved in two ways as follows; Hedging labour and production costs This can be understood by looking at the actual reason why high dollar values in the 1980s had affected the revenues and profits of Caterpillar. To begin with, since Caterpillar’s manufacturing units were located in the United States only, strong dollar meant that its manufacturing costs would be higher than the man ufacturing costs of its competitors who were outside the United States. As a result, its products would have to be more expensive because when buyers in foreign countries would have to pay more once they converted their lowly valued currencies into American dollars. This meant that Caterpillar’s products could not be competitively priced as compared to those of the competitors. Hedging revenues Manufacturing costs were not the only issue affecting Caterpillar. By taking its manufacturing to other countries, the issues of high dollar value was solved. Not only did the manufacturing costs not get affected by the high US dollar values, but the firms would also be able to source raw materials locally and thus hedge the revenues. According to Delaney and Whittington (2010), this kind of hedging can be important where the firm needs to protect itself from unpredictable currency rates. By manufacturing in foreign countries and sourcing the raw materials in foreign countries, it mean t that the profits margins would be stable because the sales and the profits would be measured by the same foreign currencies. As a result, it can be said that Caterpillar overcomes this issue by localizing its operations in foreign markets rather than having the operations centralised in the US. This, according to Madhuvij (2006) is what is called thinking globally and acting locally. Caterpillar looked at the market from a global perspective because its products have markets in the global arena, but to be effective, the firm had to look at each local market individually. The strategy As identified, Caterpillar used the think global, act local strategy. This is a strategy which is being used by so many global firms which have to contend with so many challenges caused by the very same opportunities caused by a global market. Globalisation has brought opportunities for many forms but has also brought with it challenges which firms must be able to overcome if they are to benefit from the opportunities brought about by globalisation. This is the situation which Caterpillar has found itself in. For firms to be able to benefit from the opportunities brought about by globalization, they have to create strategies which will turn challenges into opportunities. This is what Caterpillar realised and started working towards creating a way to help it overcome its challenges. The validity of the strategy As it is with any business strategy, this strategy may be seen to have both advantages and disadvantages. It is the balance between the advantages and the disadvantages which make a strategy to be either worth it or not. As per the Caterpillar strategy, the main advantage is the fact that distributing its