Positive influence by a person on my life Essay

For the past eighteen years that I have walked this earth, the most influential person in my life has been my mother. Although the passing of my father deeply affected her, she was still able to persevere and raise me and my siblings to think and act like responsible young men and women. She motivated me to make something more of myself than to sit and become waste on a street corner. My mother played an important role in my life and has always been a positive factor in me growing up. My mother is my mentor and my friend; these two qualities make her more than a mother. She is like my guardian angel, always watching every move and keeping me on the right track. My mother is a strong woman and she holds well for a single mother. But, the days that she has to struggle are the days I have to stand up and help her by lifting some of the burdens off her shoulders. My mother has taught me how to not only overcome the death of my father, but also how to overcome some of the hardships that will affect my life in the future. Being the eldest male in my home, she helps me realize that my brothers look to me for guidance. By emulating her leadership, I often take on some of her roles, such as helping my younger siblings in their schoolwork and leading them away from negativities in their surrounding environment. She sees many great things in me that, at times, are not so obvious to me. She constantly tells me to become something great in life to make her and my dad’s spirit proud. This encourages me to strive for the best of my abilities. I reflect back to the day of my high school graduation when my mother approached me and told me, â€Å"It’s time.† It was weird because it was like a time bomb went off inside of me. I got up and I knew what I had to do. It was â€Å"time† to use the skills she equipped me with and finally become a young man. I wanted to get into college and I wanted to eliminate all my weaknesses and turn them into my strengths, and all of my threats into opportunities. In the future, I see myself taking the reins as patriarch of my family. I  believe with my mother’s guidance I have the necessary tools to stand against almost anything; she has trained me well. I have overcome deaths, and many more personal struggles. I believe I have what it takes to make it through college because of my â€Å"angel.† My mother has prepared me mentally and spiritually to withstand the trials and tribulations that await me in the future. She is a strong woman and I am proud to call her my mom.

Nisei Daughter Essay

Second Generation Daughter â€Å"Even with all the mental anguish and struggle, an elemental instinct bound us to this soil. Here we were born; here we wanted to live. We had tasted of its freedom and learned of its brave hopes for democracy. It was too late, much too late for us to turn back. † Monica Sone’s Nisei Daughter is a compelling story of the life of a Japanese American growing up and discovering who she is in the World War II era United States. Nisei†, meaning, â€Å"second generation†, is a Japanese term used to specify the children born to Japanese people in a new country (who are called Issei). Monica Sone was born an American Citizen, but her parents –as well as other Issei– were not deemed to be American citizens until post World War II. This essentially important difference between Issei and Nisei seemingly forced an ultimatum to Nisei people; to be Japanese or to be American. Nisei were often criticized by their families for their absent role of Japanese customary behavior, and were criticized by Americans because they weren’t able to assimilate into American lifestyle. Nisei Daughter is a story about a Japanese American girl constructing her own self-identity in an environment where there is much confusion amongst Nesei people who are torn between two cultures. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Monica Sone, Nisei Daughter (Canada: McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1953), 124 [ 2 ]. Wikipedia, Nisei (Published from Wikipedia at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nisei ,2013), Article Introduction

Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist

Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist Functionalist and Symbolic Interactionist SO1050 Sociology Functionalist, also known as structural functionalism because of its views on the ways social structures accompanies social needs. In perspective, functionalism structures social influences by what is visible and in demand now. (Boundless. com/Sociology)Functionalism has been criticized for downplaying the role of individual action, and for being unable to account for social change. In the functionalist perspective, society and its institutions are the primary units of analysis.Individuals are significant only in terms of their places within social systems (i. e. , social status and position in patterns of social relations). Functionalists have been disputed because of its terms of how socialism is accounted, because of how it lacks the support and accredited ability of one’s actions and how socialization transforms during its process. Functionalist is the oldest theory but the most popular one used to determine groups because of its basic terms toward how social groups react and functions of how the mind and body works.The structure of how people interact with others and the ability to fit in certain groups are determined by the mind state of acceptability. When evaluating functionalism it is more of a hypothesis that could be proven right or wrong in its factor of determining how society works when it comes to grouping and organizations of people by characteristics. (Boundless. com/Sociology)Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.Symbolic Interactionist, known also as symbolic interaction perspective, is a form of social grouping based on how people are forcefully placed into groups, events and social organizations. Unlike functionalism, Symbolic Interactionist believes that peer pressure and environmental ex posure has much effect over socialization and its developments. People adapt and form social lifestyles by what they are exposed to, such as cigarette smoking, drinking, dating, etc. When ressured into doing something for the first time just to have some forms of acceptance, people tend to try things and develop habitual behaviors that are introduced by peers. (Anderson, M. L. and Taylor, H. F. , 2009). Critics of this theory claim that symbolic interactionism neglects the macro level of social interpretation—the â€Å"big picture. † In other words, symbolic Interactionist may miss the larger issues of society by focusing too closely on the â€Å"trees† rather than the â€Å"forest†.The perspective also receives criticism for slighting the influence of social forces and institutions on individual interactions. The theory of Symbolic Interactionalist has been criticized because critics believe that it focused too much on individuals and how they react to p ersonal ways of how people react to wanting to be a part of a group and/or organization, that it lacked the focus of how groups and organizations are developed based on its biological influences.I believe that the symbolic theory has a better and clearer perspective of all theories because it focuses on how peer pressures and environmental behaviors has its influences on people as individuals, which eventually becomes a group or organization of socialization when manipulated by the growth of numbers. Functionalists do make a great point about how everything works together as one unit when it comes to social groups and the coordination of how socialism is formed.I do not agree with the full aspect of functionalists but the co-ordinance of its concept does make some sense. Symbolic Interactionalist forms its theory by reviewing probable causes using surroundings and its peers as a way of understanding social formations. I choose the Symbolic Theory because of its somewhat accuracy of how groups and organizations are formed and past down from generation to generation.I do believe peers and a person’s environmental surroundings have much to do with social connections and how its functions are developed. Reference Boundless. com- https://www. boundless. com/sociology/understanding-sociology/theoretical-perspectives-in-sociology/functionalist-perspective/ Copyright  © 2011-2012, Boundless Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Anderson, M. L. and Taylor,

What influenced Georgian style and its features?

What influenced Georgian manner and its characteristics?ContentIntroduction( page 3 )Early Georgian manner: Influence of classicalism( page 3 )Early Georgian manner: Influence of Palladinism( page 4 )Early Georgian manner: Examples( page 5 )James Stuart ( page 5 )Sir William Chambers ( pages 5-6 )Robert Adam ( page 6 )Late Georgian manner( page 7 )Henry Holland ( page 7 )Features of Georgian manner( page 8 )Landscape ( page 8 )Architecture ( pages 8-9 )Interior design and cosmetic humanistic disciplines ( page 9 )Decision( page 9 )Bibliography( page 10 )What influenced Georgian Style and its characteristics?Introduction Georgian manner is a manner in the architecture, interior design, and cosmetic humanistic disciplines of Britain during the 17Thursdayand 18Thursdaycenturies. The term â€Å"Georgian† gets its name from four male monarchs of England who reigned in Britain from 1714-1830. All of them were named George. ( DesignIntuit,2001) Although the George did non hold an impact on the manner, they perpetuated a motion that is different from the popular Italian and Gallic Baroque manner. â€Å"Georgian is a term normally associated in the popular head with refined furniture, elegant apparels, edifices of delusory simpleness, classical music, decorous prose, and state houses set in delighting parks.† ( Georgian Housestyle, Ingrid Cranfield ) . In kernel, Georgian is non a manner by itself, but an epoch during that many developments and alterations happened in both architecture and interior design. ( Worldguide,2015) Early Georgian manner: Influence of classicalism Each designer or interior decorator has his ain thoughts and single attack. However, all of them had something common: they were to a great extent influenced by elements of ancient Rome and Greece. In other words, they were driven by the same motivated thought: to animate the antique classical universe. Classicism was considered as godlike: it reproduced the edifice blocks of God’s creative activity and the agreements of nature. Furthermore, this ( Georgian ) period is defined as â€Å"an epoch of refined neoclassical trends† . ( Worldguide,2015) As it was mentioned earlier, the Georgian manner was extremely influenced by classicalism. Young British blue bloods ( including designers, interior decorators and furniture shapers ) in the 17Thursdayand 18Thursdaycenturies took the â€Å"Grand Tour† of European states. These â€Å"Grand Tours† made the influential categories follow classical traditions of architecture and design. However, the Baroque used classical ornamentation and decor in a really unfastened ended manner. ( David Ross,2015) However, the British employed these motives in an inflexible and unagitated manner. ( Worldguide,2015) If Baroque is excessively much, Georgian classicalism is a grace. Early Georgian manner: Influence of Palladinism Besides classicalism, there was another manner that had a really strong impact on the Georgian manner. It is a Palladinism, â€Å"a doctrine of design based on the Hagiographas and work of Andreas Palladio† . ( David Ross,2015) He is an Italian designer of the 16Thursdaycentury who recreated the design and proportions of the edifices of antique Rome. ( Worldguide,2015) Famous English designer Inigo Jones brought the Georgian manner to Britain in the 17Thursdaycentury. ( Worldguide,2015) Palladinism was a important factor in the early Georgian manner. There was a proportion-based Palladian school of design that dominated British architecture from the mid-1720s to the early 1750s. It was rich and graceful, and there were Roman temple frontages and pillars. In add-on, a mathematical expression was used for a building’s proportion. However, after 1750 ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) or from around 1760 ( Worldguide,2015) , English designers James Stuart, Sir William Chambers and Scottish architect Robert Adam were exposed to a clearer manner of classicalism around Britain. They were inspired by the archeological finds at Pompei and Herculanium. This new information about Greek and Roman architecture brought about a neoclassical revolution in gustatory sensation. This emphasises on neoclassicism that became more widespread for design for the continuance of the mid-Georgian period, which was until 1800 ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) . Early Georgian manner: Examples James Stuart One of the best illustrations of neoclassicism is James Stuart ( 1713-1788 ) . He went on assorted â€Å"Grand Tours† of many European metropoliss like other designers at that clip. While he was analyzing in Greece, his work was necessarily influenced by clear Grecian motives. Due to these surveies, he got the moniker â€Å"Athenian† Stuart. In add-on, he published â€Å"Antiquities of Athens† in separate books from 1762. ( Worldguide,2015) On the image below shows an illustration of his work: ( St James’s Square, London ) Sir William Chambers Sir William Chambers ( 1723-1796 ) is one of the designers stand foring the mid-Georgian period. He was born in Sweden to Scottish parents. His architectural practise was in London in the 1750s. Furthermore, Sir William spent clip in China, which gives an account why his neoclassicism was assorted with Chinese touches and elements. The name of the technique is known as chinoiserie, and it enjoyed modest popularity in Britain that clip. He besides showed Greek and Roman features of Gallic neoclassicism. ( Worldguide,2015) ( Chinese Pagoda in Kew Gardens, London and Somerset House, London ) Robert Adam One more illustration is Robert Adam ( 1728-1992 ) . He was born in Fife, Scotland. He worked with his brother James on a manner airier than the Palladian, utilizing Egyptian and Gothic motives with Roman ornaments. His graphicss were symmetrical but non every bit much as Palladian proportions. Furthermore, he was known to demo motives as â€Å"ribbons, garlands, sphinx and gryphons, ellipses and hexagons etc† . This manner was celebrated as the Adam manner. ( Worldguide,2015) ( Syon House, West London ) Late Georgian manner Late Georgian manner is known as Regency and was popular during the reign of the British Prince Regent from 1811 to 1820. ( The Editors of Britannica,2015and Worldguide,2015) Actually, the Regency manner recollected neoclassical elements, but it was opened more to Greek, Egyptian, Asian and French influences than it was earlier. This manner is much heavier in ornamentation than earlier Georgian manners, and edifice frontages were frequently covered with stucco plaster than noticeable brick. Furthermore, insides were more unfastened and light, and Windowss became larger. In my personal sentiment, the Regency manner ( Late Georgian manner ) is kindred to a span between early Georgian design and nearing Victorian epoch. Henry Holland For case, Henry Holland ( 1745-1806 ) was the most prima designer of the late Georgian period. ( Worldguide,2015) Holland’s designs was influenced by Roman, Greek and Egyptian signifiers and the Empire manners of late 18Thursdaycentury France every bit good. His manner is simpler and more academic. ( Sloane Street and Sloane Square, West London ) Features of Georgian manner Landscape There are many features specifying the Georgian period. One of the chief characteristics is patio. The 18Thursdaycentury ( David Ross,2015) was a clip of great success of urban developments. Houses had a public and private map. Unfortunately, it meant that there was a demand to set a batch of houses into a little infinite. It lead to the creative activity of the patio. The patio allowed a whole street to hold a sense of architectural completeness, besides maintaining little sizes of houses. Patios used to take a few signifiers ; typically laid out in consecutive lines or in quadrilaterals around a cardinal garden country, or in curves or egg-shaped â€Å"circuses† . In add-on, these developments gave birth of the townhouses – practical lodging built in drawn-out, well-ordered patios, which made boulevard expression like orderly architectural elements. ( Worldguide,2015) These townhouses were normally four degrees in tallness and made of brick. However, during that period ( 18Thursdaycentury ) the rich were progressively wealthier and as a consequence, they began puting money into their families. Affluent landlords used their immense land to make designed Parkss, and those Parkss were called â€Å"country houses† . ( David Ross,2015) These estates were full of reproductions of classical temples and extra architectural pieces: grottoes, Bridgess, and that group of fragments called â€Å"follies† . Basically, these Parkss carried on the classical doctrine. Architecture Furthermore, there are other common architectural elements, such as symmetrical signifier, classical entrywaies, glass transoms, big quadrilateral suites, sash Windowss, immense exterior symmetrical staircases, internal hall staircase, pediment door and geometric ornaments. ( DesignIntuit,2001) Shape is a chief important characteristic of this manner. The square is â€Å"prominent† ( DesignIntuit, 2001 ) , and forms are classical. The foundation of Georgian proportion was normally geometrical, with the cardinal block of the edifice â€Å"often augmented by dashs and wings† ( Wentworthstudio,2015) Homes were merely symmetrical. There was non normally an even figure of Windowss ( five across for house ) . This did non let dissymmetry around the in-between window of the edifice. Sash Windowss –â€Å"panes divided by wooden bars† ( Worldguide,2015) – were common. In add-on, Windowss were four-sided ( DesignIntuit,2001) and had the same breadth ( Worldguide,2015) . However, their tallness was assorted from the first floor to the last 1. Second floor Windowss were the tallest 1s, while land floor and 3rd floor Windowss were shorter, and the Windowss on the top were about quadrilateral. Every Georgian house door is groundwork and supported by memorials. ( DesignIntuit,2001) There was a window on the top of the door, and it was separated by a construction called a fanlight. ( Worldguide,2015) There was typically a hip roof, sometimes with dormers. It was really popular with Christopher Wren. Furthermore, a more asymmetrical gable roof would be inappropriate at all. ( Wentworthstudio,2015) Interior design and cosmetic humanistic disciplines In the Georgian period, there was a important rise in popularity with respects to interior ornament. ( Britannica,2015) When you look at Georgian insides, think about those architectural elements that are inside – big furnace and room accesss, and well-balanced proportioned suites. In add-on to architecture and interior design, there were great accomplishments in the cosmetic humanistic disciplines. For case, furniture design met many manners and attacks, runing from the classical influence, to the consecutive and simple lines etc. Decision Sadly, that period could non last. Victorian morality transformed architecture and other designs because their thought was about following Gothic manner as a national one due to the fact that it was a native design for the Great Christian Empire of Britain. ( Dan Cruickshank,2011) To sum up, the Georgian period, particularly architecture left many chef-d'oeuvres and a fluctuation of manners and thoughts. Furthermore, the metropoliss and urban quarters created that clip ( Bath and Bloomsbury in London ) are still theoretical accounts of comfy urban life.Bibliographyâ€Å"Georgian Style† , David Ross, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britainexpress.com/architecture/georgian.htm)â€Å"The Georgian Style of British Colonial Annapolis† , DesignIntuit, 2001(hypertext transfer protocol: //www.designintuit.com/issue0002/focus/ghistory.html)â€Å"The Georgian Era of Great Britain† , Worldguide, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.worldguide.eu/wg/index.php? StoryID=148 & A ; ArticleID=21368 )â€Å"Georgian architecture: a classical re-education† , Dan Cruickshank, 2011 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2011/sep/11/georgian-architecture-british )â€Å"Historic manners: Georgian style† , We ntworthstudio, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wentworthstudio.com/historic-styles/georgian/ )â€Å"Georgian architecture† , Britannica, 2015 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/230322/Georgian-style )1

Information On Positive Parenting Strategies Education Essay

Childrens Services Central [ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cscentral.org.au ] is an administration supplying professional development preparation and inclusion support for early childhood pedagogues in New South Wales. It is an enterprise funded by the Australian Government under the Inclusion and Professional Support Program. The end of this administration is to increase the accomplishments and knowledge base of the early childhood pedagogues in order promote, and to keep high quality early childhood services for the kids. They work in partnership with other taking administrations to supply quality preparation, resources and support for those who require. This site besides provides valuable information on National Quality Framework, Early old ages larning Frame work, Changes in Early Childhood Education and Care, and links to forums where early childhood professionals are able to take part and lend. Both sites demonstrate trustiness, authorization, truth, objectiveness, currency and coverage. The information on both sites managed by Government bureaus and early childhood professionals. The information online could be authored by and viewed by any single. Assorted sites are created holding different intent in head. The web sites are non subjected to any regulative boundaries and hence there is no monitoring of the contents or does non necessitate blessing to be published. Therefore, contents from any sites need to be treated with cautiousness and evaluated against its truth and credibleness. When working with Information and Communication Technologies, pedagogues need to be cognizant that there are multiple ways of presenting and pass oning information, and different accomplishments are needed for reading and construing informations online.A One needs to oppugn whether the contents credible? Whose sentiment is presented? A Can the information be trusted? A â€Å" resource that is believable is one which shows grounds of genuineness, dependability and credibility † [ URL ] ( An Educators ‘ Guide to Credibility and Web Evaluation, 1999 ) . A possible country for betterment on both sites would be to propose a site rating subdivision where readers can notice, propose or rate the information on the site. Such inputs would help in placing user outlooks, and to provide efficaciously for the intended audience. Both sites provide entree to of import and valuable information and links to a scope of sites at their finger tips. Using on-line resources to heighten leading: An organisaion ‘s workability finally depends on it reactivity to engineering and the environment within which it operates. Majority of the early childhood services are runing within a community of technologically advanced environment, and which requires the service suppliers to incorporate information and communicating engineering for effectual and dynamic instruction and disposal. It is suggested that the â€Å" usage of engineering, used suitably, is able to â€Å" heighten the quality of the service proviso † ( Ebbeck & A ; Wanniganayake 2003, p.51 ) . Leadership and teaching method inclusive of appropriate Integration of Information and communicating engineering, in the acquisition environments, are able to affect and prosecute the kids and the parents in a mode which was non possible in the past. Technology connects people, enhance and expedite procedures, create new possibilities, â€Å" widen interaction with local and planetary communities † ( MCEETYA. 2005 ) Children of today ‘s coevals are born into a universe full of technological environment. They are able to voyage technological tools with easiness and confident compared old coevalss. Social webs such as, face book, YouTube allows them to link and pass on with the universe around them. Xbox and drama Stationss are the drama tools of many preschool age kids. Families excessively are utilizing engineering for â€Å" acquisition, diversion, direction and communicating. Technologies are cheaper, more nomadic and able to be used by scholars of all ages † ( MCEETYA. 2005 ) . Within the early childhood services, â€Å" Early Old ages Learning Framework † , â€Å" The National Quality Framework † , â€Å" constructivism † stresses the importance of the relationships between the household, the context and the community. Communication enabled by the usage of ICT facilitates and heighten this relationship. It provides new chances for parents and households to prosecute with the pedagogues, larning plans and their kids ‘s advancement [ Uniform resource locator: Learning as a personal event ] . Pedagogical leading in an early childhood puting requires attending to ticket inside informations from assorted impact statements steering early childhood instruction and attention. Outcome four in the National Early Years Framework ( 2009 ) indicates that Children resource their ain acquisition through linking with people, topographic point, engineerings and natural and processed stuffs and this is apparent when the services allows kids to prosecute in larning experiences to ‘experiment with different engineerings ‘ and ‘use information and communicating engineerings ( ICT ) to look into and job solve ‘ . Educational environments inclusive of appropriate information and communicating engineerings non merely do direction procedures easier and faster, it besides fosters, encourages and influences interactions, cognition and linguistic communication development in kids ( Presnky 2008, instruction Hot topICT 2009 ) . Siemens ( 2004 ) proposes a â€Å" learning theory for the digital age † which clearly identifies the demand for the scholars to be able to prosecute with, place, and locate information through the usage of Information and Communication Technology. Early on childhood leaders need to be critical of their patterns and maintain up to day of the month with the germinating arguments on the pros and cons of incorporating ICT in educational scenes. Siemens ( 2004 ) provinces: â€Å" Our ability to larn what we need for tomorrow is more of import than what we know todayaˆÂ ¦ When cognition, nevertheless, is needed, but non known, the ability to stop up into beginnings to run into the demands becomes a critical accomplishment. ..As cognition continues to turn and germinate, entree to what is needed is more of import than what the scholar presently possesses. The field of instruction has been slow to acknowledge both the impact of new acquisition tools and the environmental alterations in what it means to larn † . Rodd suggest that the cyberspace within and beyond the administrations is a utile tool for larning and professional development, and accessing and sharing information. Early childhood services needs to link the people, the procedures and the technological tools every bit closely as possible in order to be effectual in a invariably altering environment. As pedagogues, it is expected that the kids are exposed to valuable acquisition environment where they are cherished, nourished and protected in so that they can boom in their development and growing.

Marketing Plan - Option Care Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Plan - Option Care Services - Essay Example Option Care Services is increasingly looking forward to provide high quality, professional and extremely caring services to its individual as well as its organizational clients, by providing them with highly trained and efficient caring staffs comprising of nurses, cleaners, care assistants and related or necessary support workers. Option Care Services is also looking forward to maintain a line of consistency in terms of quality and professionalism for the personnel provided to the individual or organizational clients. And finally, the organization is also targeting to be acknowledged as the best agency to provide quality healthcare personnel to their clients in the London region. Marketing Audit The marketing audit comprises of analyzing of various factors related to the external and internal environment for a business that comes into play when charting out the role of the various elements of the marketing mix. A typical marketing audit comprises of both the internal as well as the external audit (Perreault & McCarthy, 2006, p.549). External Audit The external audit can be performed by analyzing the business using the PEST analysis as well as an analysis of the competitive environment as well. PEST Analysis: Political Around the year 2008, the government of UK was providing extensive support for domiciliary services availed by the senior citizens of UK in order to retain their independency in their homes or surroundings. The senior citizens of UK, at that time, could avail the need of personal care and other related support activities, with sponsorship from the government or the local council. This led to huge increments in the governmental spending and led to huge public spending deficits. As a consequence of this cut, the local council came up with an effective measuring criterion on the basis of the sickness or the severity of needs in order to avail the services sponsored by the government. This has led to an increase in the personal spending amongst the m asses of UK to avail the personal care and support services on their own. Economical The macro economical factors also played its part in this particular service sector. Coupled with the global credit crunch, came the effect of slowdown in the factory outputs all over the globe, the triggering of fears for a double dip recession in certain part of the world and the extended phenomena and political drama related to the Euro zone crisis. This created a panic among the government policy makers in regards to their huge public spending. As a counter measure to these macro economic factors, the government responded by setting up cuts on its spending in the supporting the domiciliary needs of the people of the UK region. Social In response to the government’s measure to protect the country from possible economic crisis, cuts on the domiciliary needs of the masses, a social effect was triggered as well. As a matter of fact, more and more people are trying to avail the services for ca ring and support by paying from their own pockets. Technological Though the

Apple Inc. case study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Apple Inc. case study - Research Paper Example In this thesis, one was supposed to select a company, government agency or any other service outlet and one of its products to study from an economic point of view. Apple Inc was selected for analysis in this research paper because of its recent growth and variety of quality products that have a high demand worldwide. Apple Inc produces and distributes over 35 products and services. For this research, Ipads were selected for analysis among the variety of products manufactured by Apple Inc. Apple Inc has produced a variety of Ipad models. All the models and their features will be analyzed in this research study. Information and financial data concerning Apple Inc will be obtained from articles from sources such as Business Week, Forbes, Wall Street Journal, Marketing Communications, Media-Scope, Advertising Age, web sources, and books. Primary data and information will also be collected from local Apple stores concerning their products sales, demand, supply from their factories, and i nformation about their consumers’ purchasing power. Apple Inc is an American multinational company that has its headquarters in Cupertino, California. This Multinational Corporation changed its name from Apple Computer Inc in January 9, 2007 in order to capture a wider market by producing a variety of products and services.... The corporation was established on April 1, 1976, and was latter incorporated on January 3, the next year. The introduction of the iPhone marked the start of a new era in Apple Inc since it widened its scope of products and services. Some of Apple’s best-known hardware products include the Mac line of computers, iPhone brand of phones, ipod brand of portable music players, and ipad brand of tablets and E-readers. Other hardware products designed by Apple Inc include Apple Keyboards, Displays, Magic Mousses, Time Capsules, Magic Trackpads, Apple Battery Chargers, AirPort Extreme, and Apple TVs. Apple Inc also offers software and other computer related service solutions. Some of its well-known software includes the OS X operating systems for Apple computers, iOS operating system for its phones and tablets, iTunes media browser, the Safari web browser, the iLife and iWork creativity and production suites, among others. Apple has also developed the iCloud sharing service where its products users can wirelessly store their content and share with other devices automatically. This thesis focuses on ipad brand of tablets and E-readers. The iPad is a brand of computer tablets designed to run an advanced version of the iOS operating system. The release of the first iPad took place on third, April the year 2010. These were the first generation iPads. However, there was discontinuing of production of the first generation iPad on March 2, 2011 when the second generation came into being. The second-generation iPad was an improvement of the first, with higher memory, processing ability and addition of new features. The iPad 2 are still available in the

Manangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manangment - Essay Example Impact of organizational culture would show in both positive or negative response like there will be higher satisfaction among employees when there is recognition at work. There will be lesser employee turnover when retention programs are offered to employees or in reverse, loss of interest when there is no motivation at all. Overall, organizational culture motivates people to work and be aligned with the organization. 2. Can the culture of an organization be changed to increase performance? The culture of an organization can be changed to respond to internal and external pressures perceived by members of the organization like decline of sales. For example, the company has to set up a new department to cope up in new ways due to problems of consumer complaint. Thus a strategy of change is affected by the manager to respond to this problem. Change is also needed for cost cutting efficiencies, like top management may feel a department is too big to manage, and so it has to be split for efficiency purposes. External influences also encourage the organization to institute change. For instance, competition, government regulations, financial limitations, and suppliers and technological advances impact for change.

Ecotourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ecotourism - Essay Example Both cultural and natural resources are affected by the pollution. Water supply, coral reefs heritage sites, and beaches are affected through overuse. Littering, traffic emissions, increased noise, and sewerage production are some of the disadvantages that come with high tourism activities. Tourists have, in recent times, become jaded with destinations which they have been traditionally visiting over the years, and the current trend is visiting the rarely visited destinations which they feel are exciting. These places include; the Antarctica, Easter Islands, Galapagos Island, the Siberian Tundra, the Borneo forest, Papua New Guinea and the Amazon Rainforest. These destinations offer the best sites for ecotourism and are big sources of income to the revenue authorities of the countries they are found in. However, the carbon emissions that occur in the process of getting access to these areas and the infrastructure required to cater for tourists impacts natural surroundings. In the Similan Islands and Great Barrier Reef, divers try by all means to be careful not to damage the natural setting. They however take too many learners to the important aquatic resources. The learners disturb the natural resources by damaging the corals and polluting the natural habitats. Tourists in National Parks in Africa use jeeps. In many instances, occupants of these jeeps litter the parks, which may lead to poisoning and deterioration of the park’s natural environment and disturbs the animals’ natural feeding patterns. Despite the money earned from tour charges in such parks, the disadvantage comes about when such pollution leads to reduced numbers of game animals due to effects of environmental deterioration that force animals to move away. Tourism also brings income when beaches are visited. There are, however, not enough resources to cater for the needs of all the visitors. In such cases, refuse disposal and

An effective business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

An effective business plan - Essay Example In order to attract a wide variety of customers, it is vital to have an image of the cars that are to be hired. In this fast globalising environment, the cars that need hiring are personal that are capable of running for many miles. These include personal cars that can accommodate a fairly large amount of individuals. Nowadays, individuals are keen on having the fun day out while visiting different areas. Having a car hire service that can address these needs is fundamental in the business’s growth. It is vital to understand their needs so as to have the right car to provide the customer (Barringer 2008).The sort of cars  Many young couples are interested in cars that are out for their interests. This means that; they want cars that are trendy and lavish to match the new lifestyle (Barringer 2008). The common vehicle models from popular vehicle industries are the right cars for the job. This is if they want cars for pleasure. In the event they need cars that are for business , there are also a variety of them around to fulfil this desire. The price of hiring these cars might range depending on the make and model of the car.The different assortment of cars may offer customers a variety to choose from, and their availability may make the business a top choice among clients. Everyone, in this day and age, wants to be affiliated with a posh lifestyle. To address this desire, cars that are cheap, but look desirable and lavish, are likely to be present. (Barringer 2008).... Having a car hire service that can address these needs is fundamental in the business’s growth. It is vital to understand their needs so as to have the right car to provide the customer (Barringer 2008). The sort of cars Many young couples are interested in cars that are out for their interests. This means that; they want cars that are trendy and lavish to match the new lifestyle (Barringer 2008). The common vehicle models from popular vehicle industries are the right cars for the job. This is if they want cars for pleasure. In the event they need cars that are for business, there are also a variety of them around to fulfil this desire. The price of hiring these cars might range depending on the make and model of the car. The different assortment of cars may offer customers a variety to choose from, and their availability may make the business a top choice among clients. Everyone, in this day and age, wants to be affiliated with a posh lifestyle. To address this desire, cars t hat are cheap, but look desirable and lavish, are likely to be present. They all serve the same purpose, and the customer ends up feeling gratified with the selection they have made. Toyota’s Premio is an example that might serve this purpose. However, having a variety of the Toyota product is an exceptional idea, especially for customers who want bigger cars for their activities (Barringer 2008). The rates to be charged The rates of hiring the cars are likely to range. This is because not all the cars are the same. The power most of the cars exhibit may set these cars and the rates apart from each other. The rates at which the Mercedes and Toyota models in the business go for cannot be the same. The presence of these varieties of cars presents the clients and customers with

The American Experience from 1865 to 1945 Essay

The American Experience from 1865 to 1945 - Essay Example The analysis looks at the Spanish-American war which took place in 1898. This war is said to have been started by Cuba following its urge for independence. The key figures include President Woodrow Wilson and Charles Evans (who was the secretary of state). An event like the Swedish emigration to North America between 1840 and 1920 is well captured by the author. The real cause for this emigration was poverty and Swedish were trying to run away from it. The highest number migrated in 1869 and1887. He approximates the number of Swedish to be about half a million, most of who settled in Canada, Australia and Brazil. They left Sweden by boat from Gothenburg and traveled to Liverpool from where they were ferried to New York and Boston by the emigrant ships. One of the authors Vilhelm Moberg (1898-1973) who even wrote a book titled the emigrants. It is also features Buchanan's (1856) whose art compromise skills led him to be the only president in America to be from Pennsylvanian. He ruled for four years and declined to take another term. He was succeeded by Abraham Lincoln. It was the informal agreements between Buchanan himself and South Carolina that kept was on hold. All these writings by this author acts as an eye opener to the reader giving him/her a chance to clearly examine rationalization and the inner thoughts as portrayed by the author. This can help in documenting the America's history and the changing spheres that can perpetually change America's history and its connection with the today's world1. This paper incorporates analysis from the book titled The Colonial Period of American History that was authored by Andrews and published in 1930. Materials from this book are meant to appear as confirmation to the author's information so as not to come up with conflicting history regarding the America's experience. The book concentrates more on the events that took place between 1865 and 1918, thus covering up to the first world war.America's Experience World War 11 For many years the United States has been largely involved in the world war. During the year 1865 America was involved in the civil war with its principal problems being: - Preservations of Monroe Doctrine integrity - The doctrine were a treaty that pledged signatories to a joint control of any future, unfortified isthmian canal dominion by one of the involved parties. Preventing the southern independence recognition by France and Britain. Holding those powers to proper

State Counter Terrorism Strategy and Plans for Japan Essay

State Counter Terrorism Strategy and Plans for Japan - Essay Example Aum Shinrikyo is an indigenous terrorist group arising in Japan (Hidaeki, 2003). The group also carried out certain marginally successful attacks on the Diet and the Crown Prince’s wedding with botulin toxin and attempted an anthrax attack on the people of streets of Tokyo (Branscomb, 2004). This paper primarily deals with the counter terrorism strategies and action plans for Japan in current context and also for future. Defining Counterterrorism Counterterrorism is a difficult concept to define, especially in the context of western democracies. Paul Wilkinson writes that, â€Å"There is no universally applicable counter-terrorism policy for democracies. Every conflict involving terrorism has its own unique characteristics†. Both Paul Wilkinson and Louise Richardson and many others argue that, Western democracies must have respect for the rule of law and civil liberties should be followed in maintaining their counterterrorism strategies. Counterterrorism operations are subject to continuous change according to the nature of the threat (Rineheart, 2010). Counterterrorism as defined by the U.S. Army Field Manual stands as â€Å"Operations that include the offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, preempt, and respond to terrorism† (Rineheart, 2010). This definition of counterterrorism is more concrete but has its own weaknesses and strengths. Though it correctly explains that counterterrorism is an all-inclusive doctrine including prevention, preemption, deterrence, and responses which would require bringing all aspects of the nation’s power to be exposed both domestically and internationally, yet essentially it differentiates nothing. If an effective counterterrorism doctrine is meant to follow the principle that ‘whatever is needed, whenever we need it,’ then this could create problems with developing effective counter strategies, allocating resources, and determining accountability – it might make the concept o f counterterrorism rather worthless. There are advantages to an all-encompassing approach to counterterrorism. It allows the governments to recognize the complexities of responding to terrorism; it also provides a rhetorical tool that reinforces the notion that there is no simple fix to a nation’s terrorism problem (Rineheart, 2010). International Counter-Terrorism Policy of Japan There are a number of dimensions to the counter-terrorism strategy of Japan. The government’s paramount responsibility is to guard the security of Japan’s territory and citizens against terrorist acts (Hideaki, 2003, p. 55). The basic policy of Japan to counter terrorist activities is by strengthening the national counter terrorism measures. International cooperation and capacity building assistance to countries in need is also enumerated in the list of counter terrorism activities for Japan. The Japanese government in December 2004 adopted the "Action Plan for Prevention of Terrorism" which included taking16 ‘Urgently Needed Terrorism Prevention Measures’. In lieu of this certain urgent measures were taken. Japan has actively committed to the negotiations on relevant treaties in the UN and other international bodies. It has ratified and implemented all of the 13 international counter-terrorism conventions and protocols, most recently, the International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism in August 3, 2007. Japan has also been participating in the ongoing negotiations of the Comprehensive

Fianance enterpreship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fianance enterpreship - Essay Example The financial manager of the company tries to strike a balance between debt and equity with the aim of maximization of firm value and minimization of cost. It has been seen that the managers are biased in favour of debt owing to the tax benefits associated with debt financing. The interest paid on borrowings is a tax deductible expense. This is the reason the managers prefer debt over equity as it reduces the outflow of the business. However, an excessive reliance on debt is not in the financial interest of the company. An ideal mix of debt and equity is essential. There are various theories on capital structure such as pecking order theory, signalling theory, agency theory, trade-off theory, signalling theory etc. As per the pecking order theory the firm should rely mainly on the internal means of financing like retained earnings. This theory gives credence to retained earnings over the issue of equity. In the event of additional funds requirement the debt mode of funding is preferr ed. The equity issue is used only as a last resort. The main reason for the preference of debt over equity is the lower information costs associated with this mode of funding (Zhao, et al., 2004). The static trade off theory states that the firms try to strike a balance between the benefits associated with interest tax shield and the probability of bankruptcy and failure. The firms with strong cash flows can afford to have high levels of debt as they are assured of fixed future cash flows. But the small sized firms or nascent business firms with limited free cash flows must not use high levels of debt in their capital base. As per the agency theory the managers handle the affairs of the company on the behalf of the company shareholders. This gives rise to agency problems. As the reins of management of the company passes onto the managers and does not remain in the hands of its ‘actual’ owners it gives rise to conflict of interest. It is said that there is a misalignment of the objectives. The managers of the company are accused of investing in risky or unprofitable business ventures instead of passing on the surplus cash flows to the owners (Boodhoo, 2009). On the other hand there is also a view that the shareholders intervene in the smooth functioning of the business which often forces the company to forego lucrative business opportunities. The signalling theory of capital structure suggests that the issue of equity is based on the prevailing market conditions. Suppose the management of the company is of the view that the shares of the company are overpriced then it can resort to the issue of equity. This will help the company in raising higher proceeds from the issue of equity. On the other hand if the managers of the company are of the view that the market has failed to price the shares of the company correctly then it can opt for the debt mode of financing. If the shares of the company are underpriced then it is not feasible to issue equity as this would mean lesser proceeds. It will not just limit the amount of funds raised but will also lead to unnecessary dilution of ownership which is not in the interest of the company from the long term perspective. The financing decisions of a company are influenced by the above theories and views. However the financial managers in a company are biased towards issue of debt owing to the inherent benefits of debt issue. The

INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY-Unit 4, Question # 1 Essay

INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY-Unit 4, Question # 1 - Essay Example These movements were intentionally as tools for demanding and attaining political autonomy from the colonial governments. In some countries like south Africa, colonialism led to social and political segregation were the whites and the blacks were entitled to different political and social rights. However, this ended as a result of the powerful effect of political resistance and liberation movements like African National Congress (CANC) (Scupin and DeCorse, 2007). Political division of the Africa is another major effect of colonization on Africa. European nation divided different areas of Africa into colonies to serve their needs for raw materials and needs of overseas markets. These colonies reflect the present day African countries. A positive aspect of colonialism was the rise of powerful African leaders who could lead the continent towards a brighter economic and political future. Examples of these are President Nelson Mandela of South Africa. Colonialism also opened a door for the poor to participate in politics through revolutions were majority of the members were peasants. Many aspects of contemporary Africa portray the residual effects of colonialism. An example of this is the boundary disputes and separation of people from similar ethnic background. This came because the political division of Africa into colonies was done arbitrarily without knowledge of its socio-cultural characteristics. These boundaries are now political hotspots. The citizens of different African countries are basically created groups who were left behind fighting for the resources across created boundaries. Factions among communities can also be traced to colonial experience. One of the techniques that colonialists used to dominate a country, and thus prevent uprising, was to split its community into factions then pit them against each other. The creation of the Hutu and the Tutsis in Rwanda is a good example. After a few generations, these divisions intensified and

The Home Depot, Inc. Annual Report in Fundamentals of Financial Essay

The Home Depot, Inc. Annual Report in Fundamentals of Financial Accounting - Essay Example Interest paid on borrowed money is deducted from total operating income to get earnings from operations before making provisions of income taxes. Earnings net of tax are known as net earnings that can be appropriated among shareholders. The income statement is extremely important for any business operations; otherwise, one cannot know whether one makes profit or loss. The statement has been so designed that it informs about gross profit, operating profit and net profit that enables decision maker to understand weaknesses in its business operations by noticing any extraordinary over expense in percentage terms in relation to peer companies. For example, gross profit in percentage terms is higher or lower indicate whether its raw material procurement is efficient or not. Incidence of above normal selling or administrative expenses can be found from the operating profit and decisions can be taken to reduce those expenses to improve the results. Depreciation is another head that is deducted from the gross profit to arrive at the operating expense. Depreciation is not an out flow of cash; on the contrary it generates cash for the firm. A. The balance sheet is important financial statement that provides information about the companys assets and its liabilities. Financial structure of any company is made of venture capital (equity) and loans (debt). Usually, debt part is kept to a level where interest payment does not become so much that the firm find it difficult to pay for it. Balance sheet informs about how funds have been used to create its assets – current and fixed assets. It is the nature of business that decides what proportion of funds will be deployed to create fixed assets or current assets. Hospitality business needs more significant amount to create fixed assets and little for current assets. Conversely, capital intensive businesses such as steel or aircraft manufacturing need more funds to create fixed assets that

Significance of Organizational Behaviour in Managing Human Resources Essay

Significance of Organizational Behaviour in Managing Human Resources - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in almost all cases, human resources are considered as the key towards the success of a business organization. Considering the tight competition in the global markets, proper management of human resources has gained importance within the private and public sector. In general, this report will discuss the significant contribution of organizational behavior in the management of human resources. Â  As compared to the use of another leadership style, this report will highlight the benefit of using transformational leadership style when it comes to managing, motivating and maximizing the use of each employee’s talent and acquired skills. With this in mind, differences between the benefits of using transformational leadership will be compared with the use of autocratic, authoritative and transactional leadership approach to managing employees. Also related to the idea of motivating employees to perform well in their assigned task, th is report will explore the benefit of using intrinsic rewards over the use of an extrinsic form of rewards. A corporate leadership is a special skill that each manager should possess in order to make them become a competent leader. In almost all circumstances, it is unacceptable for a leader to make a quick judgment towards people and/or a business situation without having a concrete evidence to back him up in the end. It means that a good leader is expected to have a combination of wisdom, integrity, sensitivity, and tenacity (WITS). Since a manager must always base decisions on concrete facts, the author mentioned that a good leader must have these traits to be able to have a clear vision of the business trends. Kotter mentioned that having a good leadership skill is important in terms of enabling managers to become more effective in terms of delegating the task to each employee. Even though there are some managers who are fully equipped with proper management skills, some of them will remain unable to make a business successful in terms of competing in the global market because of the absence of good leadership skill.

Qatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Qatar - Essay Example Qatar is a little peninsula that is on the western shore of the Arabian Gulf and it covers approximately 4,247 square miles (6,286 square kilometers). Qatar is just 160 kilometers north into the Persian Gulf from Saudi Arabia. It is located between latitudes 24Â ° and 27Â ° N, and longitudes 50Â ° and 52Â ° E. Qatar mostly consist of low and barren plain that is covered with sand. To the southeast lies the Khor al Adaid (‘Inland Sea’), which is a region of rolling sand dunes surrounding Persian Gulf’s inlet? The landmass creates a rectangle that is described by the local folklore as resembling right hand’s palm that is extended in a prayer. The neighboring nations include Iran to the northeast. Bahrain to the northwest, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to the south. Both Qatar and Bahrain claim the Hawar Islands located west of Qatar and it is uninhabited. Just recently, only few semi-permanent seasonal encampments have been found in the interi or desert. Resources of water that are near the coast together with opportunities for pearl diving, fishing, and seagoing trade have facilitated larger, and additional permanent settlements. The patterns of these settlements have contributed to the social differences between Hadar and Bedouin. Qatar’s climate can be described as subtropical dry, hot desert climate that has low annual rainfall. During the summer the temperatures are extremely high and there is a big difference between maximum and minimum temperatures, more so in the inland areas. The Persian Gulf slightly influences the coastal areas and have lower maximum, however, it has higher minimum temperatures and the moisture percentage in the air are higher. Summer ‘June – September’ is extremely hot with low rainfall. Daily maximum temperatures are able to easily reach 40Â °C or more. Winter is cooler with irregular rainfall.

Reaction Paper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction Paper - Movie Review Example The movie explores how world economies failed and the new ideas that were embraced to carry out the shock therapies. Majority of these countries later embraced the free market capitalism. Russia, Poland, India, Chile and Bolivia had to survive through the rapid changes and had to deal with the new freedom and the dangers associated with deregulation and privatization. After the Russian revolution, the socialist economy in the country faced a major crisis with the leadership responding by coming up with programs that allowed limited capitalistic activities (Cran & Yergin, 2002). The economy began to improve but by the 1980s, it was in shambles again mainly due to lack of incentives. The country made attempts to free the market through privatization, but due to lack of clear guidelines and goodwill, the denationalization was done in an unequal manner, further hurting the economy. â€Å"Agony of Reforms† also looks at the economic practices that were witnessed in Latin America in the 20th Century. Majority of the countries in this region relied on the dependency theory that supported industrialization by reducing the amount of manufactured goods that were getting in. This was done by subsidizing the locally manufactured commodities. The counties were, therefore, using a Marxist approach to grow their economies and the impact of this was that the local industries lacked the much needed competition to be innovative and efficient. The failure of the set polices became evident in the 1980s when the nations started losing investments from the few foreigners (Cran & Yergin, 2002). Chile at the time became an experiment in the free market and its leaders called for the evaluation of the free market economic reforms that had been put in place. However, due to the dictatorial regimes, the free market idea was associated with fascism. The country strived to dere gulate the market with majority of the reforms implemented becoming a success

Hospitality Essay Example for Free

Hospitality Essay I. Case Background Serving people is the foremost activity in hospitality, and being expertly served is the reasonable expectation of a guests. If theres any place where customers are likely to be paying attention to the type of service they receive, its within the hospitality industry. From restaurants to hotels, it is the job of the hospitality service provider to maintain customer happiness and satisfaction. Nowadays, it is not enough for a hospitality business to know that their guests were happy just receiving â€Å"thank you† or getting service with a smile, although it is the proper etiquette. Customer satisfaction isn’t just about the service. Satisfied customers are looking for a memorable experience and a dynamic service from the establishment they visited. Customer service begins the moment an individual calls your business, either to make a reservation or to gather information. High quality service means meeting and exceeding your guests expectations to feel warmly welcomed. While high-quality customer service requires that employees interact with guests in a friendly manner. They must perform their daily duties with a smile, responding appropriately to the guests needs. Complaints must be handled in an empathetic manner. When the guest is satisfied with his experience, the company earns revenue, return visits, new clientele and positive recommendations. One good thing if an establishment was able to exceed the expectations of the guest is customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is one of the most important keys to the restaurant’s success. Happy customers are the loyal customers. Not only is it important for a hospitality establishment to provide stellar service, but awesome products as well. A customer who has to continuously wait for a restaurant or a hotel, for example, to do their part may grow tired, no matter how loyal, and venture off to their competition. Keep customers loyal by focusing on them at all times. Customer loyalty leads to higher customer retention rate and to continuous business success even in situations where failure to satisfy customers would normally cause an early termination of business. Therefore the restaurant operation must focus not only on attracting first-time customers but also on developing long term relationship with customers. One of the negative results of an unsatisfied guest is the customer complaint. This is one thing that hospitality businesses try to avoid. Fairness is typically the biggest concern of customers who have lodged a service complaint. Because a service failure implies unfair treatment of the customer, service recovery has to re-establish justice from the customers perspective. Handling customer complaints doesnt have to always be a battle, with the right tools and responses an establishment can use complaints to their advantage. A hospitality establishment should always know how to properly handle customer complaints, this is to assure that the complaint of the guest was addressed properly and they will still be considered a repeat customer on their establishment. Giving the customers an outlet for telling the establishment about their poor experiences is one thing they could do. And make it a point to correct issues that went wrong and look into those that could stand some improvement. II. Time Context A week after the appointment of the new General Manager of Pauli’s Restaurant and Brewery, they received a comment in their corporate Web site from one of their customers. The problem takes place when one of the loyal customer experience lousy service when they dined in one Saturday night before they went into a theater and have a movie night. After experiencing that kind of service, they posted a comment in the customer feedback section of the website of the establishment so that they could address the problem immediately. III. Viewpoint In any establishment, managers should always take charge when there is problem regarding the guests. They should act immediately to the complaint of a guest to reduce the occurrence of much bigger problem that could hurt the operation of the establishment. After the manager did the first step, the staffs of the establishment should support the action of the manager to ensure that the problem can be avoided in the future. The overall in charge of the problem is the whole team in the establishment. If they don’t work and help one another, surely the problem they encounter in the past would still occur. IV. Problem Statement Pauli’s Restaurant and Microbrewery is a famous pub in the city. It has established a good position in the market. They have loyal customers who are repeatedly coming back to their establishment. The establishment operates a corporate Web site; one of its features is a customer feedback section that is sent directly to the corporate Vice President and to the appropriate general manager. Once they received a feedback from a customer where they complained about the lousy service they experienced when they dined in at the restaurant one evening. The guest was really disappointed because it is their first time to experience that kind of ridiculously slow service from the establishment usually they do not experience from their past dine in.

Three Key Techniques for Better Listening Essay Example for Free

Three Key Techniques for Better Listening Essay In this McKinsey article, Bernard T. Ferrari explores three key techniques for better listening and its importance. By showing respect, keeping quiet and challenging assumptions, Mr. Ferrari argues that will create a â€Å"base of knowledge that generates fresh insights and ideas. First, show respect. Respect breeds confidence and trust. If you’re a manager, you probably have a complex set of responsibilities. You can’t know everything about every facet of your domain. By respecting your teammates, you will naturally draw them into the conversation and learn from them. If you simply jump to a solution, you short circuit the entire process. Not only do you miss out on any advice about the current situation, you also teach your colleagues not to offer advice in the future. Second, keep quiet. Ferrari suggest a variation of the 80/20 rule — let the other person speak about 80% of the time while you speak only 20% of the time. Many executives struggle as listeners because they never think to relax their assumptions and open themselves to the possibilities that can be drawn from conversations with others. But many executives will have to undergo a deeper mind-set shift—toward an embrace of ambiguity and a quest to uncover â€Å"what we both need to get from this interaction so that we can come out smarter.† Too many good executives, even exceptional ones who are highly respectful of their colleagues, inadvertently act as if they know it all, or at least what’s most important, and subsequently remain closed to anything that undermines their beliefs. Third, challenge assumptions. This doesn’t just mean that you challenge other people’s assumptions. It also means that you encourage your colleagues to challenge your assumptions. So it takes real effort for executives to become better listeners by forcing themselves to lay bare their assumptions for scrutiny and to shake up their thinking with an eye to reevaluating what they know, don’t know, and—an important point—can’t know. One of the interesting twists in Ferrari’ s framework for effective listening is his â€Å"field guide to identifying bad listeners†. He identifies six â€Å"types† of bad listeners: The Opinionator listens to others primarily to determine whether or not their ideas conform to what he or she already believes to be true. Grouches are poor listeners who are blocked by a feeling of certainty that your idea is wrong. The Preambler’s windy lead-ins and questions are really stealth speeches, often intended to box conversation partners into a corner. Preamblers use questioning to steer the  discussion, send warnings, or generate a desired answer. Perseverators talk a lot without saying anything. If you pay close attention to one of these poor listeners, you’ll find that their comments and questions don’t advance the conversation. Everyone wants to solve problems, but Answer Man spouts solutions before there is even a consensus about the challenge—a clear signal that input from conversation partners isn’t needed. Pretenders feign engagement and even agreement but either aren†™t interested in what you’re saying or have already made up their minds. This article is particularly aimed at executives. However, it is useful for every person who wants to learn how to communicate better. Ferrari uses very interesting and humorous examples, so it’s easy and interesting to read. I find this article very helpful because I struggle to be a good listener. When I’m engaged in an intense conversation, I’m often framing my response or am thinking about a solution to the problem at hand. Of course, when I’m thinking about something else, I’m not really listening. More importantly, if the other side thinks I’m not listening, they’re less likely to be persuaded to my point of view. Also, I had always thought of questions as being solely an expression of interest and generosity. Now, I am beginning to better understand that questions. Even seemingly friendly inquiries can be a subtle source of control. We simply can’t listen if we’re talking, even if we are talking by questioning.

Drug Discovery Process Of The Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Biology Essay

Drug Discovery Process Of The Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Biology Essay The development of new pharmaceutical products is a long, expensive and uncertain process. It takes an average of 10 to 15 years for a new drug to move from the discovery phase into the marketplace, and the average cost for the development of a new drug is approximately $800 million. Out of 6000 compounds initially screened, only 6 are selected to move onto clinical trials, and out of those 6, only 1 compound is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the product is introduced into the market. The low success rates associated with new drug development is what makes the demand for resources at different stages of the development pipeline highly variable and very difficult to predict. Even after a drug is launched into the market, success is not guaranteed as toxic side effects may erupt when the drug is introduced to a larger sample of diverse population. This unpredictable process together with the companys annual fixed cost of Research and Development creates a major financial risk. Nevertheless, pharmaceutical firms decide to undertake this risky process because of the opportunity to develop a blockbuster drug, a drug that generates $1 billion or more each year in sales revenue for the company, and has the capacity to meet unmet medical needs of the population. Pre-Discovery To Understand the Disease Before any potential new medicine can be discovered, scientists work to understand the causes as well as other underlying factors in relation to the disease to be treated as well as possible. Target Identification (Choose a molecule to target with a drug) Once they have enough understanding of the underlying cause of a disease, pharmaceutical researchers select a target for a potential new medicine. A target is generally a single molecule, such as a gene or protein, which is involved in a particular disease. Even at this early stage in drug discovery it is critical that researchers pick a target that is drugable, i.e., one that can potentially interact with and be affected by a drug molecule. Target Validation (Test the target and confirm its role in the disease) After choosing a potential target, scientists must show that it actually is involved in the disease and can be acted upon by a drug. Target validation is crucial to help scientists avoid research paths that look promising, but ultimately lead to dead ends. Researchers demonstrate that a particular target is relevant to the disease being studied through complicated experiments in both living cells and in animal models of disease. Various stages in Drug Development Process The drug development process is highly regulated and follows a number of well-defined steps and milestones. Discovery and screening stage Emerging tools in molecular biology, cell biology and combinatorial chemistry help researchers understand diseases and identify specific targets for new drugs. Once a specific target is identified, drug development starts with the screening of a large number of compounds to find the non-toxic compounds with the desired biological effects. Typically, thousands of chemical compounds are tested in test tubes or individual cells (tissue cultures). Drug companies maintain large libraries of newly synthesized or isolated compounds. Compound from these libraries are tested for biological activity. Preclinical testing Preclinical testing involves a series of short term and long term animal and laboratory tests to generate data on if a compound is safe and worthwhile to test on people. The aim of preclinical testing is to understand what happens when the drug is metabolized, as well as to generate information about the optimal dose for the clinical trials. Animal studies provide data on the absorption, distribution and excretion of the compound. The chemical properties of the discovered compounds are studied in significant detail at this step. Steps for synthesis and purification are developed at this time. These help identify any acute toxicity issues that may arise. It usually takes 3-4 years to gather data in support of Investigational New Drug Application (IND). This application notifies the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) of the drug sponsors intent to conduct clinical research on human. In parallel with the animal studies, the company has to conduct studies to determine how to manufacture repro ducible batches over time. Clinical trials The ultimate goal of clinical trials is to determine whether the drug works well enough in patients. The trials should address: whether the risk of toxic side effects outweighs the therapeutic benefit; which dose regimen provides the best response and the least number of side effects; if the drug is better than existing treatments or not. Clinical trials are divided in three phases Phase I (PI): In Phase I trials, the candidate drug is tested in people for the first time. These studies are usually conducted with about 20 to 100 healthy volunteers. The main goal of a Phase I trial is to discover if the drug is safe for humans. Researchers look at the pharmacokinetics of a drug: How is it absorbed? How is it metabolized and excreted from the body? They also study the pharmacologics of a drug: effects of the drug on the functioning of the human body. These closely monitored trials are designed to help researchers determine what the safe dosage range is and if it should move on to further development. Phase II (PII): The goal of this phase is to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug for a particular indication and how the drug behaves in people. These studies typically include 100-500 patients with a target disease or indication, divided into several subgroups. The subgroups are administered the drug in different dosages, by different routes, and on different schedules. Efforts are made to determine the common short term side effects and other risks associated with the drug when used on human beings. Phase III (PIII): The studies in this phase are conducted over a long term and on a large sample of 1000-1500 patient volunteers. The basic aim of this phase is to generate statistically significant data, about to evaluate the risks and benefits associated with the drug. The effectiveness and safety of the drug is carefully examined and dosing regiments duly noted which will lead to the FDA and the international regulatory agencies to approve the new drug. The results from these studies are used to develop the DRUG LABEL. The Drug Discovery process has many issues like Long Lead Times and Uncertainty that are plaguing the whole process and causing disturbances/tremors along the lines of New Product Development. Literature review A stochastic programming approach for clinical trial planning in new drug development Matthew Colvin, Christos T. Maravelias Due to changing circumstances in the managed-health-care environment, the profit margins of pharmaceutical companies and the productivity of their Research and Development (RD) pipelines have started to decline; effective patent lives have been shortened, and patents provide lower barriers to entry even while active. Therefore, it is imperative for pharmaceutical companies to manage their RD pipelines more effectively to reduce the cost of developing new drugs. This is a challenging task due to the highly stochastic nature of the RD process: if a drug fails a clinical trial, its development stops and all prior investment is lost; if it passes all trials, it enters the marketplace and profits are typically significantly larger than development costs. To effectively plan the clinical trials in the pharmaceutical RD pipeline, therefore, new systematic stochastic optimization methods are necessary.The paper presents a multi-stage stochastic programming formulation for the scheduling of c linical trials in the pharmaceutical research and development (RD) pipeline. The stages correspond to time periods, i.e. the planning horizon is divided into multiple periods. Scenarios are used to account for the endogenous uncertainty (a drug either passes or fails a clinical trial) in clinical trial outcomes. Given a portfolio of potential drugs and limited resources, the model determines which clinical trials (PI, PII, PIII) to be performed in each planning period and scenario in order to maximize the expected net present value of the RD pipeline. The proposed formulation can be used to address problems of medium size and serves as a basis for the development of advanced models for the management of the pharmaceutical RD pipeline. Knowledge networking to support medical new product development Kannan Mohan, Radhika Jain, Balasubramaniam Ramesh Pharmaceutical firms depend heavily upon their ability to rapidly develop and introduce new products into the market. Product development speed directly impacts their financial bottom-line as well as their ability to satisfy unmet medical needs of patients. However, development of new medical products is complex and time-consuming. It takes anywhere between 7 and 17 years and several millions to billions of dollars to launch new medical products. Some of the factors contributing to the length, cost, and uncertainty of this process are the stringent regulatory requirements of governmental entities like the FDA requiring the maintenance of design history for every medical product to show that the products were developed as per the approved plan and with extensive clinical trials, medical products are used to treat human beings whose well-being and safety are of utmost importance. Thus, failure of the product can have serious consequences, increasing possibilities for therapeutic interv ention brought about by newer technologies and enormous investments required in research and development, and testing. This paper addresses the issue of developing an approach to seamlessly integrate fragmented knowledge using knowledge networks. Semantic knowledge networks provide the ability to describe and follow the life of a physical or conceptual artefact. These have been used as effective solutions to support knowledge integration in knowledge intensive processes in multiple domains. Motivated by their effectiveness in supporting knowledge intensive processes, the paper proposes the creation and use of knowledge networks to facilitate integration of knowledge fragments that are generated and used in medical NPD. The development of a knowledge network should be guided by the unique characteristics of the medical NPD domain. The paper also provides the background on the process of medical NPD, along with unique issues in this area. New product development process and time-to-market in the generic pharmaceutical industry Janez Prasnikar, Tina Skerlj This article presents some important factors impacting on the lead-time of new products. In particular, we find a negative relationship between the incorporation of organizational tools and techniques, such as concurrent activity management and time-to-market. Further, there is an appropriate negative relationship between the integration of new product development departments in particular phases of the new product development process and the cycle-time of those phases. Appropriate capacity management and project management also contribute to a shorter lead-time of a new product. However, there are also some particularities of generic pharmaceutical companies. The retargeted products (where an existing product is launched in a new market) have longer time-to-market than completely new products. The generic pharmaceutical industry depends very much on local market conditions and it is often easier to launch new products in already existing markets than to launch existing products in n ew markets. Further, if the active pharmaceutical ingredient is sourced externally the time-to-market is shorter. The same is true of the external sourcing of the pharmaceutical formulation. Since generic companies often build their competencies in the market rather than on the technology used, strategic alliances and early supplier involvement in the new product development are important factors of their market success. Research objectives The Biopharmaceutical industry has many a process to be deeply understood and uniquely mapped, however, I would be looking at the following for the purpose of my project To understand the Drug Discovery Process and map it with New Product Development Understand how a pharmaceutical product is produced; identify all the stages from the Pre discovery phase to the Discovery phase and from the Pre clinical phase to the Clinical Phase and map it with New Product Development Identify the sources for reducing Uncertainty in the Drug Discovery Process One of the features that restrict the smooth functioning of the Drug Discovery process is uncertainty about the drug in trail. If the drug that is being tested fails the clinical trials phase, all the investment and effort towards drug development is lost, but if it passes all the trials, it enters the marketplace and benefits the company by providing profits that are typically significantly larger than the development costs. Identify the sources for reducing Lead Time in the Drug Discovery Process Drug development in the pharmaceutical sector is a lengthy process ranging anywhere from 7 to 17 years and costs the companies billions of dollars. Thus identification of sources for reduction in lead time and appropriate application of those steps would directly influence the costs and help in launching the product quicker than usual into the market. Research methodology Interaction with Biopharmaceutical Teams working on the Drug Discovery Process at the Biological Sciences and Biological Engineers (B.S.B.E) department at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Secondary Research from Scientific Journals Case study approach in Business Press and Scientific Journals Chapters Introduction to the Drug Discovery Process Detailed explanation of the Drug Discovery Process Convergence with the New Product Development Literature Review Analysis of the related topic as described in Business Press and other Scientific journals. Research Objectives Research Methodology: An outline of the different approaches available for research Explanation of the different approaches and their outcomes with respect to the project Results and Discussions of the case Management Insights Relation of the Drug Discovery Process with Management concepts Conclusions and Future Research

Conditions that have led to global market development

Conditions that have led to global market development The development of international or global market itself is an interesting historical sketch that details all the relevant aspect of the developmental phase that have been going on since capitalism and the concepts of it took centre stage in redefining the way people do business across international borders and the course of industrialization that shaped and changed the facial outlook of global economic process. Though industrialization at its nascent stage originated in Europe, however; the latent force of commercialization or to say global commerce and international business stem from US in particular post world wars era. What is particular to the development of international market in the early part of 1990s or to say in the 20th century can be laid emphasis to the notion of growing influence of USA and its democratic capitalism. And the process of industrialization in the face of growing trade, commerce, also marked a way towards internationalization or the development of global market, which economist have often termed as globalization and its phenomena. In all fronts, there is no denying the facts that USA has been a major influence to the development of international market. One pertinent fact is the changing face of US business environment notable in the early part of 1990s. Add to it, the staggering $16.3 trillion in investment in the US alone speaks volume about the normative forms that conditioned the origination and development of international market. Moreover, post world war era, people affluence grew, so does the demands for goods and services, which are increasingly difficult for domestic market to sustain or to meet the demands. In that sense, international commerce and cross-border trade became the norms. Apart from that apparent fact that account to USA influence and growing dominance in the expansion of international market, the origination of World Trade Organization (WTO) in that period, that is to say during the nineties also have been prominent to mark the development of global market. In addition, the trend that is also catching up during the early part of the nineties especially business trends can be looked to the pertinent case of free trade agreements that opened up a way for cross-national trade and business. Specific to these types of condition, acceptance of free market system among developing countries added to the steam of international market and its conditioning. Explain the four risk of International Business? Business as we know is bounded by risks, given the nature of international business environment itself. One peculiar face of business risks is the uncertainty factor, and when it comes to international business it is rather looked upon as the primary risks elements in general. Apart from uncertainty, there are other things as well that seems risky. And the more prevalent risks elements to international or the primary factor of it can be laid emphasis to the following: Political Technological risks Economic risks Socio-cultural risks Political risks: There is no denying the fact that international business in any circumstance is bounded by political risks. Political risks can be understood as the factor that makes up the political features of a country. Thus, political climate at times have a greater force to play a part in international business. Take for instance, political uncertainty itself. That means when political climate is rather stable, international business also take the same course. However, most of the times political stability is rather an exaggerated term; given that there can be no sure shot method to predict nations political makeup, or to say the nature of its stability that hangs in the edge. As a matter of fact, with lesser political stability, the impact it have on business is also paramount, which in due course can change the direction and strategic makeup of business. Thus, political risks are one primary factor of international business. Technological risks: As we are aware, technology and the marvel of it have brought along a bundle of benefits, which have took the societal developmental phase one notch above the ground. Add to it, technology and its advancement is also ever increasing, which means each day and in the cycle of economic process, technological domination and its impact in international business is felt with greater force. International business are thus faced with the abject notion that less of technological awareness or outdated technological application in international business can hamper the way things work or are predicted. Thus, the risky elements can be looked to depreciating cost factor that technology posed or the security to international business. Economic Risks: What define economic risks are the financial elements that may its way to it. In simple sense, it can be broadened to the changing face of international business itself, which also defines the investment factors or nations inability to meet its own financial obligations. With the idea of international business and increasing trade barrier or free market trade can have a dominant role to play its part in international business cycle and thus, it comes as a risk. Socio-cultural risks: Civilization is always in a stage of development, and one factor that socio-cultural forms take its course can be laid emphasis to the notion that no particular nation and its culture are dormant. That is to say, cultural difference is wide spread, and when that element is accounted to international business, the marketing process also is posed with the uncertainty factors. Thus, organizational operational and strategic process is also challenged in such environment. Thus, marketer needs to be way ahead in understanding culture and society itself, which we can bracketed as socio-cultural risks. Why do firm Internationalize? The simple facts remains that firm internationalize for many reasons or the other; be it, profit motive, the expansion to new horizon, exploring and tapping new markets or for reasons less known, that is to say for competitive advantage or labor mobilization and last but not the least, the cost factors. Moreover, by going international, firm can also take centre stage to reaps the benefits of global exposure, and the opportunity cost that can be reaped from international business is also rather more in a sense that diversity is also exemplified, plus the means that internationalization provides towards new markets beyond national boundaries is also whats excites and interest organizations in going international. Add to it, supply chain and its management is also more broadened when firm indulge themselves in international business. Thus, the above mentioned facts in brief list some of the factors and the notion as to why firm internationalize. What are the different participants in International Business? Write in detail about the MNEs, Small and Medium Sized Enterprise, the Born Global firm. International business and its arena is a bundle of flourishing economic activities and the cycle of its repeats day in and day out. The simple facts are that without corporations and business houses, plus participants, economic activities are rather on the back foot or to say, it makes no sense at all. It is common knowledge that global economic process today defines the notion as to what constitutes participants in international business. Thus, the different participants are the following: Focal Firm Distribution channel intermediaries Facilitators. Agents or contractors, etc. Thus, these participants in international business forms the cycle of economic activities carried out in the background of each one participants dependent upon one another in international business scenario. Multinational Enterprise: Multinational Enterprise defines organizations that have set shop in more than one particular market, where its business expose is international, with a global aspirations and goals. Add to it, Multinational Enterprise also details the object of its ownership, which means that that part of the ownership is either owned by parties or more than single ownership take course. Moreover, Multinational Enterprise also posits special characteristics that mirror forms of nationality mix among its staff and managers. Hence, very often Multinational Enterprise is also known as MNC (Multinational companies). The best example can be looked to subsidiaries firms or American firms with their bases in foreign nations where operations and organizational control are decentralized, and the marketing strategy also is rather different from parent company or the likes. Small and Medium Enterprise: As the term denotes to, small and medium enterprise are organization with a business object and turn over that is rather small. And most importantly, employee counts are also small in numbers and counts, let say 20-30 employees for the starts. Add to it, company assets are also small in comparison to global firms or MNEs. But that does not mean that such organization cannot go global, given that globalization and notion of free trade provides a formidable leverage for small and medium sized enterprise to go global and can be looked upon as a competitor. Born Global Firm: Born global forms and its concepts is a rather mostly used term in the contemporary adage to mean the process of internationalization and its influence that is taking shape in local or national organizations with a potentialities to go international in due course. Such organization can be looked upon as startups, with lesser assets and turn over. Why do firms internationalize? The simple notion why firms internationalize can be laid emphasis to the globalization and its influences. The channelizing networked partnership possibilities, the opportunities in such a scenario, or to position themselves and influence partners or subsidiary firm who are either based in foreign shores also constitutes some of the sole components why firms internationalize. The idea of comparative management is also one main reason. Chapter 2 What are the Societal Consequences of Market Globalization? Explain Positive and Negative Consequences? As we can observe in and around the materialistic world that we live in today, commercialization and international business at times have provided a bundle of baggage or paved a way towards progression and development in economic sense of the term. However, consequences also can be translated and laid emphasis to the good the bad and ugly features that market globalization have brought along. Nonetheless, the economic reality and humans wants also should be acknowledged, and the fact that no nation is self reliant and self sufficient. Moreover, in order to meet the ever increasing demands for goods and services, global corporation fits the bill accordingly in facilitating the societal needs in one aspect and form of life in the societal sphere. Hence, the notable face of the negative societal consequences from a comparative and contemporary context can be laid emphasis to the following: Environmental or Ecological consequences. Depreciating and depleting natural resources reserve. The question of sustainability Climatic effects that have worsened. The positive effects of market globalization are: Avenue for employment generation Facilitates economic cycle Technological advancement Good and services are made available Cultural growth Socio-political growth, etc. Thus, it can be argued that the societal consequences or the effect of market globalization translate itself to have redefined the way people do business in simple sense of the term, which can be look as a positive aspects. Economic demands in the regional and global economy taken together are ever increasing, and market of globalization facilitates in meeting these demands. In that effect, more of the resources are utilized. However, natural resources and the likes also deplete with increasing use, plus scarcity of resources, which is a known fact add up to the compounding negative societal consequences that is generated out of market globalization, which is pointed above. What are the firm levels Consequences of Market Globalization? We cant deny the facts that firms benefits tremendously from market globalization and its effect. Thus, the phenomenon of market globalization has added an object that can never be thought of or imagined without market globalization in the course of civilization. Thus, the positive features can be addressed to the following points: Marketing process is impacted Business process and its management also exudes international outlook Diversity of business process Cultural mix and global awareness Production tactics and its cycle also is impacted Standardization, quality or products and services. Brand image. And finally, market globalization means a widow of free trade barrier for companies across international borders. However, when it matter to negative aspects of globalization and its impact on firms the following are some of the pertinent facts: Competition is also greater among firms due to market globalization and its consequences. Barrier to entry and exit in a particular market or industry also posits one of the negative consequences of market globalization. Resource utilization also often goes above the shelf Thus, when it matter to firms and the level of consequence that stem from market globalization also translate itself into the negative and positive features as detailed above. Chapter 3 Explain the three types of participants in International Business? The three types of participants in international business constitute the following: Focal Firm Distribution Intermediaries Facilitators Focal Firm: What defines focal firm as one participants is the fact that, focal firm itself is looked upon as an initiator to international business in real sense of the term. It means that focal firms constitute Multination Enterprise, Small and Medium Enterprise, where the actual economic and production process take shapes. Thus focal firms are looked upon as the centre and stage of international business and its cycle at the primary level. Distribution Channel: Distribution channel intermediaries and their roles are consumed in facilitating the distribution cycle common to international trade and businesses. In simple sense and meaning of term, distribution channel intermediaries defines organization that specializes in the distribution channel, that is to say, logistic support, marketing etc, which are the sole constituent of distribution channel intermediaries. Facilitators: Third is the facilitators, and includes firms and individuals, where the object of their roles and functions as participants in international business is broadened and exemplified to facilitating legal advice, financing and in between the interrelated business transaction is made possible. Furthermore, participants also can includes, licensor, joint venture partners and the likes of foreign distributors, foreign agents and all in between. What are the common characteristics of Born Global firm? The common characteristics of Born Global firm can be laid emphasis to the following: Bounded by national boundaries with a scope for internationalization Expertise services and products in regional market Start-up corporation or small and medium sized organization Though market is defined in fixed national boundaries and operations is also often constituted and headquartered in one particular location, however; that does not means that their role in globalization and its economic process is limited in a sense. The idea of born global firm and in characteristic in particular can be laid emphasis to the object that internationalization and its impact is a favorable foreground for born global firms. That is to say, born global firms are very likely to make way and expand its business scope beyond the national boundaries, as and when it senses the opportunities knocking its doorway. Hence, born global firms defines regional organization that have set up shop in foreign shape simply by assimilating the idea of acquisition, partnership and creating subsidiaries, etc, in foreign location, however, are headquartered in regional market, or in location where they originated. Thus, the trends in the face of globalization initiates Small and Medium sized corporation to explore such domains that open up new horizon to do business in the international arena to tap the potentialities of international business. What are the Foreign Market Entry Strategies of Focal Firms? Explain in Detail. Foreign market entry strategies of Focal Firms is rather a complex features and step wisely strategies initiated by organizations with the sole purpose to tap the opportunities of internationalization in the most beneficial course. What defines focal firms foreign entry strategy can also be laid emphasis to the notion that going international is no child task and requires an extensive attention to details and understanding the peculiar facet of international business environment. In that context, the development of strategies when it matter to focal firm entry in foreign shores take into account the involvement in greater degree to what defines international management itself and the creation of networks that should assist the firm movement and its entry into foreign shores smoothly. Thus, focal firms bring internationalization right at the outset by establishing a connected links or channel of networks and building relationship with firms in the foreign shores. Thus, strategy in such course is at a nascent stage that does not involve control of production or the likes of direct intervention into the other firm, especially in matter of internal control. And most importantly, relationships that are building up with foreign firm take its course and position themselves from the notional boundaries and all form of exchanges also take shape in that forms and to position itself in different network or the moves towards continuous development processes that should a lso aid and future action to take shape in the most feasible forms. (Ford, 2003, p. 189) In short, strategy of focal firm entry into foreign market can be classified as follows: Entry is indirect, where its course takes shapes initially to build a network channel or a relationship that should get in the way for smooth transition and movements in the future. Strategies most importantly come as a matter for influence and to drive home the idea of foreign market entry in the most feasible means. Creating a relationship channels that can assists in future course of actions. Position themselves in foreign shores and also establishing new contacts and the likes. Thus, these are some of the strategies that covers up, or some aspects that detail the normative standards, when it matter to foreign market entry strategies of Focal Firms in its discourse.