Standardized Test Prep When Virtue Becomes a Vice

Teddy Roosevelt, the great Bull Moose himself. Some people just naturally find standardized tests easy. But sometimes, that natural ease can be the very thing that holds them back from truly mastering the test. In this post, I show how confidence and other virtues can become impediments to Test Day success. "When Virtue Becomes Vice" is the title of a recent article in the October 2013 edition of Psychology Today which illustrates how virtues such as excellence, balance, perfectionism and confidence can become an issue if practiced compulsively in an individual’s life. The piece begins with an anecdote of how Theodore Roosevelt was shot in the chest by a saloonkeeper. Despite this bullet lodged in his chest, Roosevelt chose to persevere through the rest of his campaign speech. The author attributes to him and a host of similar bold leaders, characteristics such as self-confidence, resilience and fearlessness. All these characteristics seem like virtuous traits –bestowing positive outcomes upon the owner --right? Yes, they would in many cases and in moderation; but, when such traits are exercised beyond a point where they fail to provide utility for the individual or even the greater society then the answer would more likely veer to no. Let’s look at the phenomenon of a virtue converting to a vice, and how it plays out in the test preparation realm. What traits do you consider useful, not only for doing well on standardized tests, but also for preparing for tests? I would take a gamble and say that you might have thought native intelligence, diligence, focus, good test-taking skills, lots of practice and confidence are all important. And these characteristics are all important—one might even say indispensable. However, I’ve noticed a few virtues gone vice in some of my test preparation students to the detriment to their effective preparation. Following are archetype descriptions of each of those students and how a particular trait can either help them on standardized tests—or gravely hinder their progress. Archetypes Confident - this student comes to the tutor brimming with confidence. No matter what his initial diagnostic score is, this student feels that as long as he is confident then his score will improve. This is a great trait because it means that the student sees that ‘the test’ is just another challenge, not one to be scared of or an insurmountable hurdle. This trait becomes a problem when confidence verges into over-confidence, the kind that says ‘if I score high on one practice SAT or GRE or MCAT, then I will be fine, I can do it every time.† While I never want to take away any student's confidence, I have to work hard at letting such a student know that to really guarantee success on a real exam, one must score at the target range many times before one can be remotely assured of getting such a score on test day. Native intelligence – this person often gets most of the questions right on any exam, and compared to the average test-taker, standardized tests are a walk in the park for her. However, without practice and a really honed in understanding of why she makes the few mistakes that she consistently does, it can be very hard for this high scorer to go up even more. When most things come easily to a person, it can also be easy to let the dedication needed to get the really really tough questions go. I see this with students who are really close to getting a full scholarship if they could just get another two points on their ACT. Yet they often are smug with what they know and think that they can’t learn anymore. Collaborative – this test-taker makes a great student, but can often times form a dependence on a tutor rather than learn how to eventually sail through the exams on his own. As the tutor, I love this student because it is so easy to teach them and they can make quick gains because they are open to learning from an expert. On the other hand, if they become too collaborative and don’t recognize that at the end of the day they have to go in and take the test alone, they might rely too much on the tutor†¦and this very reliance takes away from the kind of drive and metacognition one needs to get really good at standardized exams—to say nothing of the independence one needs to succeed in college or graduate school. So what is the lesson here? Know what you know, know what you don’t know. Be focused, but stay adaptable to allow for deep learning while avoiding bad habits. Be confident—always!—but don’t let your confidence ever fool you into thinking that you shouldn’t learn more. ;

Common Application Essay Samples to Look For in Your College Application

Common Application Essay Samples to Look For in Your College ApplicationCommon application essay samples are tools to help you make a decision regarding the college you will be attending next year. All of the colleges in this country offer many different types of classes, and some of them offer a heavy dose of courses that revolve around the same material found in the classes you have been taking in high school.These types of courses in your high school will be helpful for college applications because they provide a refresher course. They make you remember the information you have learned in your classes from the school and your experiences in high school. If you want to continue your education and earn a degree, these classes will be an asset to you. In fact, these courses are usually taught by faculty members who are experienced and knowledgeable in your subject area.What happens when a student receives a recommendation from a professor, advisor, or an instructor who does not appea r in common application essay samples? They will need to contact that individual or the college that the course was taught. Your college is not the only place you will need to contact, however.Excluding any recommendations from example applications or reviews for the schools you applied to is not the best strategy. If the college you applied to is highly ranked, or has a specific set of requirements, you may need to contact the school or its former student. This does not happen often because it is more common for colleges to accept applicants based on common application essay samples.This is also the case with common application essay samples for applications to nursing colleges. If you were accepted to a nursing program, you would be expected to apply for a nursing scholarship. You are able to begin applying for scholarship funding for nursing programs once you are admitted to the program. In fact, you will probably have to apply for scholarship funding twice.Once you are accepted to the nursing program, you are in the process of securing the scholarships that were offered to you. You may have been able to get scholarships even without taking an application for admission. This is because students who are accepted to programs are often able to secure scholarships even before they are on the campus.If you applied to nursing schools based on common application essay samples, your application will not be taken seriously. In order to ensure that you are getting the scholarship money you are owed, you should request a waiver to enter the program from the college or nursing college that you applied to. You may need to request multiple waivers to get the funding that you need.

My School Experience Reading And Writing - 905 Words

Throughout my school experience reading and writing was always a struggle for me. I did not like to read because I could not remember anything I read, and I did not like to write because what I wrote was unorganized. Reading also can help improve writing, but when I was younger, I was stubborn and not aware of that. I had no confidence and thought I was never going to achieve good grades in an English class. So I let my grades slip and with that I decided to not go to college after high school. A few years out of high school, I took courses and a course in English. In the course I learned a great deal and realized, finally, that it was my low confidence level that was affecting me negatively. Then, starting this class, years later, going through all the modules, it was interesting to see how wrong I have been writing in the past and that there are easy outlines that can help with organizing a paper. The writing process is there to help guide people along so the writing will flow easi er throughout an essay. With an abundance of hard work, reading essays and novels, going through the e-learning modules, and the help of my teacher and classmates, I have gained the self-assurance I needed to write well and understand the writing process. In the narrative essay I had assigned I really struggled finding an appropriate thesis, as well as, figuring out the difference between a narrative essay and reflective essay. I was getting the two types of essays mixed up. My narrative essayShow MoreRelatedThe Struggle Of Reading And Writing875 Words   |  4 PagesStruggle of Reading and Writing Throughout my years of schooling, I have become ambivalent about reading and writing. I have struggled in school to make myself enjoy writing. I didn’t mind reading as much, as long as it was to my interest. It has differed throughout the years I have been in school. Some years I have enjoyed both, reading and writing, and other years I have not liked either. Getting myself to enjoy reading and writing has been quite the adventure. In elementary school, I loved toRead MoreWriting : The Development Of Writing1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe development of writing begins as early as we learn how to write letters in preschool or kindergarten. Writing grows as we learn to read and write throughout our school days and beyond. Everyone has a unique story of his or her writing experiences; some have horrible experience, while others may have mentors that inspired them. One’s history, experiences, issues and the process of writing, all plays into how I, myself progress in writing. Many years have passed sense learning to write, thatRead MoreMy Life Of The Elementary School I Went Up A Whole New World849 Words   |  4 PagesAll throughout my life, I have had an interesting relationship with writing. As a child, my interests were more focused on reading than writing. In elementary school I fell in love with books. Initially I read simple children’s books, much like everybody else in my class, but it did not take long for my passion to drive me to read more difficult writings. Fiction books quickly became a replacement for any childhood toys. Instead of blocks or stuffed animals I would ask my parents for books. SinceRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing858 Words   |  4 PagesWriting to me has changed over the years as I experience more as I grow up. From thinking that writing is dull to believing writing is expressive and vibrant. From the learning toddler to the naive twelve year-old to the seventeen year-old scholar. I have many great and horrible experiences in writing which led to the writer I am today. Growing up as a second generation vietnamese-american was not as bad as people think. I learned English and Vietnamese at the same time as a child. I grew up speakingRead MoreMy Personal Literacy Journey895 Words   |  4 PagesRustyn Ristoff My Personal Literacy Journey Everything that we do requires words. Even when we think we create our memories out of words. One reason why we do not remember stuff when we are young is because we don’t have the words to put the information into to store it. Writing is very important because writing means everything, and if we didn t have writing, we wouldn t be able to spread ideas. The local and world news are in writing also so we need to be able to read the information. Also directionsRead MoreTaking Advanced Placement English Class880 Words   |  4 Pagesstraight A’s in their high school years. They take advanced placement classes, honors classes, or international baccalaureate classes to receive college credit during high school. However, most students have encountered an ordeal experience in advanced classes that change their academic life. They did not expect advanced class to be challenging that exceeds their knowledge. From writing free responses to memorizing complex concepts for multipl e choices, some students experience these hardships such asRead MoreLiteracy Is The Common Understanding Of Literacy988 Words   |  4 Pagesa certain chapter book, writing a story as a kid, or learning the basics of reading and writing as kid if you remember that far back. As good as I can remember literacy began with me understanding the first bigger book I read (a chapter book), moving on to writing stories in elementary school, then finally understanding and retaining the information from more complicated reading and writing throughout my school career. In elementary school I remember pretty vividly of my thoughts retaining to booksRead MoreLearning From A Foreign Language991 Words   |  4 Pagesfuture. I started reading and writing when I was 4, it was in Arabic and writing in Arabic doesn’t have many rules. So by the age of eight, I was done with learning how to read and write, and started my science studies. I gained some of my skills through writing in Arabic like meditation and the way of thinking, but this part of life is barely related to the kind of writer I am now, because writing in English is completely different. My first experience with reading and writing in English startedRead MoreAnalysis Of Shannon Nichols Proficiency Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Proficiency†, she bout her dislikes writing due to her experiences. While I was growing up, I never knew I would not like writing. People remind me of how I had great handwriting and loved to write stories. In college, I continue to struggle in wri ting essays and it is a challenge for me. Although Shannon Nichols and I despise writing growing up, we both have grown to become successful writers. My experience with literature started when I was in the first grade. My first-grade teacher was named MsRead MoreReading Reflection Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe transition from high school writing to college level reading and writing can be scary. The thought of having to write a paper at a higher level than what is used to can be intimidating, especially if the student feels unprepared. I know this was the case for me. I felt extremely unprepared for a college writing class. I did not have really any experience in writing papers, and no experience at all with having to read a complicated article, and then write a paper based on the information from

10 Ways e-Voting Could Save or Destroy Democracy - 1000 Words

Democracy As applied to the newspaper article: 10 ways e-voting could save or destroy democracy http://www.smh.com.au/it-pro/government-it/10-ways-evoting-could-save-or-destroy-democracy-20140425-zqxni.html First appearing in the Sydney Morning Herald, 25th April Democracy As applied to the newspaper article: 10 ways e-voting could save or destroy democracy Australia, in its relatively short history has always had an emphasis on social, personal and political freedoms – and a strong allegiance to the system of democracy. Democracy has since spread to corners of the globe thanks to uprisings such as the Arab Springs which has spread democracy throughout the Middle East and North Africa (Andelman, 2012). As time and technological advancements progress the concept of democracy has been challenged, but never overthrown. One of the fundamental tenets of democracy is the power of the people to have a say in the running of a state, be it the Athenian style of direct democracy or our current style of representative democracy. The major way in which the citizenry were able to have their say on important issues was through the use of voting. 10 Ways e-voting could save or destroy democracy was an article that first appeared in the IT-Pro pullout of the Sydney Morning Herald. One of the main ways a large citizenry can participate in a democracy is through the system of voting for eligible candidates to represent them in government. This style ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Two Faces of Man Exposed in The Lord of the Flies2677 Words   |  11 Pagescarrying a bunch of school boys crashes on an island, only the children survive. The island the children find themselves on is roughly boat-shaped (Golding 29; ch. 1). It is ironic that the children are stuck on an island shaped like the thing that could save them (a boat). Despite this irony, they are trapped. They are surrounded by ocean and no one knows where they are. The boys, isolated from society, must now create their own.    The children soon realize that there are, No grownups! (GoldingRead MoreYahoo Case Study5267 Words   |  22 Pagesrebuffed a bid from Microsoft that valued Yahoo! at 66 times last year’s net earnings. On January 31st, Microsoft offered $42bn, $31 a share. Yang is optimistic about organic growth. In reality, to fend off Microsoft, Yahoo! needs external growth. In an e-mail to staff, Yang emphasised the $2bn spent on acquisitions and controlling stakes in joint ventures in the last two years and stressed the value in the brand, with 500m worldwide users. He spotlighted double-digit improvement in 2009 cashflow. HisRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesnarcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. Genetic modification f. Right tech for wrong reasons 3. Arts/CultureRead MorePolitical Behaviour Impact to Leadership Excellence11497 Words   |  46 Pagesthis world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here. Heroes teach us right and wrong, he said; heroes give us great inventions and discoveries. It is the great few who transform society; the multitude follows them. Modern democracy, he believed, has produced millions of fools who vote, other men who go to Parliament and palaver, and, inevitably, the few who act. TOLSTOI S INFINITESIMAL ELEMENTS By contrast, Count Leo Tolstoi asserted that there is no greater fool thanRead MoreEffects and Implications of Coalition Governments on the Political Scnerio in India16277 Words   |  66 PagesAmity School of Communication AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN Effects and implications of coalition governments on the political scenario in India Abstract: Parliamentary democracies ruled by multiparty cabinets make foreign policy decisions in a fairly unique institutional context, complicated by the politics of coalition government. Recent research suggests that this context is associated with foreign policy behaviors that are quite distinct in character from foreign policy made by single party cabinetsRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pagesnumbers as being daily rent payments.) Person Price = A = 40 B 25 C D 30 35 E 10 F 18 G 15 H 5 (a) Plot the market demand curve in the following graph. (Hint: When the market price is equal to some consumer i’s reservation price, there will be two diï ¬â‚¬erent quantities of apartments demanded, since consumer i will be indiï ¬â‚¬erent between having or not having an apartment.) 2 THE MARKET (Ch. 1) Price 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Apartments (b) Suppose the supplyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. 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The Role of Guest Workers in the American Economy

The United States has more than a half-century’s experience with dealing with guest-worker programs. The first dates back to the World War II-era Bracero Program that allowed Mexican laborers to come to the U.S. to work on the nation’s farms and railroads.   Simply put, a guest-worker program allows a foreign worker to enter the country for a specified period of time to fill a specific job. Industries with surges in labor needs, such as agriculture and tourism, often hire guest workers to fill seasonal positions. The Basics   A guest worker must return to his homeland after  the term of his temporary commitment has expired.  Technically, thousands of  U.S. non-immigrant visa holders  are guest workers. The government gave out  55,384 H-2A visas  to temporary agriculture workers in 2011, which helped U.S. farmers deal with seasonal demands that year. Another 129,000 H-1B visas went out to workers in â€Å"specialty occupations† such as engineering, math, architecture, medicine and health. The government also gives out a maximum 66,000 H2B visas to foreign workers in seasonal, non-agricultural jobs. The Bracero Program Controversy   Perhaps the most controversial U.S. guest-worker initiative was the Bracero Program that ran from 1942 through 1964. Drawing its name from the Spanish word for â€Å"strong arm,† the Bracero Program brought millions of Mexican workers into the country to compensate for labor shortages in the U.S. during World War II. The program was poorly run and poorly regulated. Workers were often exploited and forced to endure shameful conditions. Many simply abandoned the program, migrating to the cities to become part of the first wave of post-war illegal immigration. The abuses of Braceros provided inspiration for a number of folk artists and protest singers during the period, including Woody Guthrie and Phil Ochs. Mexican-American labor leader and civil rights activist Cesar Chavez started his historic movement for reform  in response to the abuses suffered by the Braceros. Guest-Worker Plans in Comprehensive Reform Bills Critics of guest-worker programs argue that it’s virtually impossible to run them without widespread worker abuses. They contend that the programs are inherently given to exploitation and to  creating an under-class of servile workers, tantamount to legalized slavery. In general, guest-worker programs arent meant for  highly skilled workers or for  those with advanced college degrees. But despite past problems, the expanded use of guest workers was  a key aspect of the  comprehensive immigration reform legislation  that Congress considered for much of the last decade. The idea was to give U.S. businesses a steady, reliable stream of temporary labor in exchange for tighter border controls to keep illegal immigrants out. The Republican National  Committee’s 2012 platform called for creating guest-worker programs to satisfy the needs of U.S. businesses. President George W. Bush made the same proposal in 2004. Democrats have been reluctant to  endorse the programs because of the past abuses, but their resistance waned when faced with President Barack  Obama’s strong desire to get a comprehensive reform bill passed in his second term. President Donald Trump has said that he wants to limit foreign workers.   The National Guestworker Alliance   The National Guestworker Alliance (NGA) is a New Orleans-based membership group for guest  workers. Its goal is to organize workers across the country  and to prevent exploitation. According the  NGA,  the group seeks to â€Å"partner with local workers  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  employed and unemployed  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  to strengthen U.S. social movements for racial and economic justice.†

Americas Dropping of the Atomic Bomb Essay - 941 Words

Americas Dropping of the Atomic Bomb The bomb was dropped for a number of reasons. I believe that revenge for Pearl harbour coinciding with pressure put on by President Truman to drop the bomb was significant. However many other factors were involved. These included political, military, economic, scientific factors along with Truman wanted to gain retribution for Pearl harbour. These factors along with others gave a number reasons for Truman to drop the bomb. President Roosevelt was the main man behind the bomb from 1941. At the Yalta conference in 1945, the big three met to discuss matters for Germany. Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt were the big three and in the next conference at†¦show more content†¦It will be impossible to persuade Russia to remove their troops from Poland unless she is impressed by American military might. Now, our demonstrating the bomb will make Russia more manageable. This shows signs that Russia may also be a key factor as the Russian dash for China may have caused a concern to America and by the dropping the bomb it would sway Russia to stop as Truman said, Ill hammer on those boys. Truman now knew that he had a weapon to dominate the post war world and may have used it to show some power on the American hip as Stalin appeared to be trying to go and invade Asia so Truman used the bomb as a message to him not to go further. Most people who believed that America decided to drop the atomic bombs on Japan for military reasons. These reasons were that a quick end to the war meant that no land invasion of Japan would have to take place, which would eliminate costs and most crucially soldiers lives. I however, believe that Truman had different reasons for bombing Japan. One of the reasons is that America would take revenge on the Japanese for the bombing of Pearl Harbour and the treatment of American war prisoners. Also I believe that certain members of his party were pressuring Truman, as he felt that he had to justify the expense of the Manhattan Project. Also this bomb would create shockwaves around world as America would have been seen to beShow MoreRelatedThe Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1445 Words   |  6 PagesOn August 6th and 9th two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The two bombings were the first and only time nuclear weaponry has been used in wartime. These bombs were the first of their kind, developed by the United States, Canada and Great Britain under the research development plan codenamed the ‘Manhattan Project. It is an important issue because there is much controversy over whether or not the atomic b ombs should’ve been initially been dropped. Many sidesRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Is Not A Military Necessity1210 Words   |  5 Pagesrevered American generals, Leahy, Macarthur, and Eisenhower, stated the dropping of the atomic bomb â€Å"was not a military necessity.† Japan was already struggling greatly to maintain itself, and they felt that it would fall soon. Leahy even went as far as to say that a continuation of the blockade of Japan and bombings would have been enough to bring Japan to its knees. These generals acknowledged the efficiency of the atomic bomb, but could not reconcile that efficiency to the devastating consequencesRead MoreThe United States Was Justified in Dropping the Atomic Bombs on Japan1244 Words   |  5 PagesStates of America dropped the Atomic Bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The use of these bombs brought a quick end to World War 2, yet caused extensive damage to the two Japanese cities. There have often been dis putes as to whether the USA was justified in the dropping of the atomic bombs because of the damage they caused, not only to the cities, but to the people of Japan as well. Many people believe that the USA should not have dropped the bombs because of the damage they causedRead MoreWhy Truman Chose to Drop the Atomic Bomb895 Words   |  4 PagesAmericas decision to use the atomic bomb on Japan was only done to assert our position over the Soviet Union, and Japans surrender was only an extra accomplishment of the attack. During the years 1939 to 1947, numerous conferences were held to discuss diplomatic matters, and the strive towards getting Japan to accept an unconditional surrender. The Japanese had already been weakened, and the military predicted that they would eventually be forced to surrender in a short amount of time. Even theRead MorePresident Truman and the First Atomic Bomb Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesAtomic Bomb Essay In 1945, World War Two was coming to an end. Following Adolf Hitler’s suicide, and Nazi Germany’s unconditional surrender on May 7, 1945, the war in Europe was finally over. The allies began began postwar planning for future, as well as establishment of post-war order and peace treaties issues. America’s war wasn’t done yet as they were still fighting Japan, eventually pushing them back to their main islandRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1593 Words   |  7 Pages Bombing of Hiroshima On August 8th 1945 the first atomic weapon, a fission bomb, was dropped on the city of Hiroshima in an attempt to force the Japanese to surrender in World War II (Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 2009). This event exposed the danger of nuclear energy. This massive explosion demolished 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people. This was only the beginning though, tens of thousands of innocent people died due to the aftermath of radiation exposure for anotherRead MoreThe Nuclear Of The Atomic Bomb1551 Words   |  7 PagesThe atomic bomb was developed in an effort to counter proposed technologies by the Nazis in Germany, who were trying to develop superweapons in their effort to conquer Europe. Top physicists like Albert Einstein warned that nuclear reaction would release enough energy to level an entire city. By mid-1945, U.S. military leaders were presented with a few options regarding how they should approach the end of the war with Japan. Solutions included mo unting a joint invasion with the Soviets, creatingRead MoreThe Nuclear Of The Korean War1147 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategic bombing, yet with the extremely powerful atomic bombs. As a result of dropping the atomic bombs, the world was thrust into the nuclear age. Just a few short years after World War II, the Korean War started. The Korean War challenged many assumptions held about war within a nuclear era. Three of the assumptions challenged were that nuclear weapons would deter war, that war would not be limited, and finally, that the Soviet Union would be America’s next military enemy. An assumption challengedRead More Decisions to Drop the Bombs on Japan Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesDecisions to Drop the Bombs on Japan War in itself is an atrocity, to kill or be killed in the name of whatever government chooses to go to war over. Taking lives in order to save lives is the most outrageous oxymoron ever heard, yet during the end of WWII taking the lives of Japanese people saved America from fighting on home soil. Many factors play a role in the final decision to drop the atomic warheads on Americas enemy, yet in the end after all is said and done America was simply defendingRead MoreThe United States Justified By Using The Atomic Bomb Against Japan During Wwii?1947 Words   |  8 PagesThe pressing question still lingers: Was the United States justified in using the Atomic Bomb against Japan during WWII? World War II stands as the bloodiest and deadliest war of all time. It involved more than thirty countries and resulted in over fifty million civilian and military deaths. It lasted six years, beginning with Adolf Hitler’s invasion of Poland in 1939. As the Allied Powers (mainly the United St ates, Britain, and the Soviet Union) and the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) were

The Organizational Structures And Culture - 2323 Words

1.1Different organisational structures and culture Every business needs to organise its activities and a defined structure enables them do it well. For example, every area of the business knows what they are supposed to do and when to do it. In addition, they know who to report to with the aid of a good structure. On the other hand, organisational culture is something that is not tangible but can be observed in the way people do the things they do and in the way they treat one another and their customers. There are many different types of structures any organisation can operate with depending on what their purpose is but, for this study, the following types of organisational structures will be discussed: the flat structure, the tall†¦show more content†¦It is frequently used by public sector organisations. Organisational culture Organisational culture can be defined as a collection of beliefs and norms shared by individuals and groups in an organisation. It is those norms that control the way they do things and the way they relate with themselves and with their customers. The culture of an organisation can be perceived and felt but, may not be easily explained. Culture is developed and transferred in conscious ways and unconscious ways from one generation to another. There are different types of culture: the power culture, role culture, task culture, the person centred culture and many other types of culture. The power culture The power culture is a centralised type of culture where control is from the top. Decisions are made from the top without participation from the workers. It is mostly used by small businesses. This kind of culture may lead the workers to believe that they are not important and can cause workers to keep leaving for other organisations. The person /welfare culture This kind of culture is mostly seen in non profit organisations and in social activities groups. The task culture This is the kind of culture that is based on the working together, to finish tasks. This kind of culture can increase motivation because it is usually for a specific period of time. For example in projects where workers from different departments in the organisation can be brought together to work and when