Summary Example

Summary Example Summary – Article Example First Last 4 September Framing Energy Security between Russia and South Korea: a Summary For severalyears, South Korea and Russia have been involved in fuel and energy projects having Russia as the producer and South Korea, the consumer and distributor. One of the biggest projects was the Kovykta PNG project which started on December, 1997. The original plan was to build pipelines and deliver natural gas from Eastern Siberia to the participating countries: Japan, China, Mongolia and South Korea who proposed North Korea to be also part of the project. Although this has been a very promising project, the hopes of providing one-third of South Korea’s annual fuel demand in 30 years was suspended. This was because of the new nationalist views that Russia should prioritize Russian consumers and protect its natural resources. The Kovykta project with South Korea was discontinued (Ahn 593).The Sakhalin gas project has been the first successful energy project between Russia and South K orea. Sakhalin has produced 60M barrels of oil that was exported to seven countries. In a signed contract, Sakhalin Energy has agreed to provide 1.5 metric tons of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to South Korea. It is now the closest source of LNG, taking only two to three days for delivery. Because of the good quality of Sakhalin’s crude oil, South Korea has also been importing this for production of diesel and kerosene (595).Other projects between South Korea and Russia included: (i) a $38B project between LG (South Korea) and Tafnet (Russia) to construct an oil refinery in Tarstan; (ii) a $50M deal by Vneshtong bank to finance acquisition of Korean equipment by Russian companies, and; (iii) a $250M agreement between Rosnef and Korea for the exploration of West Kanchatka and Sakhalin Island for oil reserves (595).Despite these projects and agreements, bilateral energy security between the two nations is still being stagnant of the lack of government policies regarding the energ y market infrastructure. For example, projects located in the trans-border will not materialize if the states around the border will not cooperate. Also, there is a lack of mutual trust between the two countries. South Korea has a few energy specialists that are capable of solving government-related issues. Thus, the Korean policy makers had only been occupied with short-term projects instead of eyeing for the longer terms. South Korean investors were also doubtful in investing in Russia’s fuel supply because the other side had failed to provide legal and infrastructural evidences to attract investors (603).Providing gas and oil to South Korea would promote growth to Russia’s economy. On the other hand, Russia’s resources would provide answers to South Korea’s energy shortage. However, in order to create a functional oil and gas pipeline, a multilateral instead of bilateral energy cooperation project should take into place between Japan, China, Korea and Russia (606).Discussion Questions:1. Why was the Kovykta project discontinued?2. What project was the most successful between South Korea and Russia?3. What are the other deals signed between South Korea and Russia?4. What are the problems of a bilateral energy cooperation project?5. How can a gas and oil pipeline be a plausible system?ReferenceShe Hyun Ahn. â€Å"Framing Energy Security between Russia and South Korea?† Asian Survey 50.3 (2010): 591-614. Summary Example Summary – Article Example Phrenology In the article, Snaring the Fowler; Mark Twain Debunks Phrenology, we find that Lorenzo Niles Fowler had gainedcelebrity status by reading people’s minds using phrenology. Many people of that time were of the belief that phrenology had the capability of explaining the totality of human experience. They wrote books that described the various ways in which phrenology can be applied, for example; to know the qualities of an employee or a potential mate (Lopez). Mark Twain was not fazed by the claims and testimonies lavished upon phrenology. He used a simple single-blind reliability test to note whether the practice was accurate in reading one’s personality. He visited Fowler’s offices for a reading in 1872 or 1873; he was disguised. Twain notes how Fowler examined bumps on his head to come up with positive qualities like; courage, spirit of daring, and fearlessness (Lopez).On the other side of his head, Fowler found cavities and used them to counter Twain ’s positive personality traits. For instance, Fowler found a cavity of Twain’s skull and concluded that he lacked a sense of humor. He found a â€Å"courage† bump, but it was canceled out by a cavity that shown a timid trait.Twain likened the readings to palmistry; he later indicates how the readings were different after he went for a second reading. This time, he identified himself and the cavity that signified a lack of humor was gone and now had a lofty sense of humor. Studying the bumps and cavities of someone’s skull to get an understanding of the brain’s underlying functions was pioneered by Frank Gall. Phrenology’s only success is that it helped researchers to focus their attention on the localization of functions of the brain. It is the idea that brain regions contain specific functions. Further research has lead to the discovery of neurons. They contain dendrites, axon and myelin that enable the neuron to send messages after stimula tion. Scientists have found out that neurotransmitters influence our moods, mental abilities and memories, not bumps on our skulls (Myers).Lopez, Delano Jose. Snaring The Fowler: Mark Twain Debunks Phrenology - CSI.  Csicop.org. N.p., 2002. Web. 16 Feb. 2015.Myers, David G.  Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers, 2004. Print. Summary Example Summary – Article Example Article Summary This paper gives a summary of the journal article, with Intellectual Disabilities Going to College? Absolutely!† authored by Kleinert, Jones, Sheppard-Jones, Harp and Harrison. This article appreciates the tremendous gains in the enrolment for postsecondary education by students with disabilities in the recent past. However, those students suffering from intellectual disabilities (ID) have widely been excluded from postsecondary education. The available opportunities for include stand-alone programs involving customized classes in college setting, integrated programs where students with and without ID undertake courses together and mixed programs encompassing both the stand-alone and integrated models. The rationale for postsecondary education for intellectually disabled students includes the associated increase in participation in community activities and improved employment outcomes.The article gives a case study of Kentucky’s Supported Higher Education Project, SHEP, where young people with ID are provided with opportunities to pursue their career goals and learn critical life skills. From this, the researchers appreciate the key to success for inclusion of students with ID as recognition of such students as members of the community with the ability to actively participate and contribute in communal activities. Individualized support models include small teams who offer person-centered support. Peer mentors could also be used, these being other students offering the requisite support. Thus educators should collaborate with local colleges to come up with new programs that support students with ID. Thus, Kleinert et al. (2012) recommend that teachers develop person-centered planning processes to prepare students with ID to transition to postsecondary education, ensure that they access grade-level general curriculum, support their involvement in extracurricular activities, access supportive technology and have an opportunity for sch ool’s guidance and counseling services. In conclusion, the article appreciates that times have changed and thus the need to develop education systems that meet the needs of all students regardless of their disabilities.ReferenceKleinert, H., Jones, M. M., Sheppard-Jones, K., Harp, B. & Harrison, E. M. (2012). Students with intellectual disabilities going to college? Absolutely! Teaching Exceptional Children, 44 (5), 26 – 35. Summary Example Summary – Article Example In Person: Columbia Banks Dressel Tries to Balance Growth and Local Focus In Person: Columbia Banks Dressel Tries to Balance Growth and Local Focus The news article is about Melanie Dressel, the CEO of Columbia Banking System (DeSilver, n.d.). It tells of the rise to success of Dressel that led to her being named for the fourth time, by the American Banker as one of the 25 most powerful women in banking. She was also named as Business Leader of the Year for 2010 by the University of Washington-Tacomas Milgard School of Business. Dressel is instrumental in the growth and success of Columbia Banking which is now 10 times the size since they started. The article gave a brief background of Dressel, tracing her roots from a little girl who helped in the jewelry and gift store of her parents to someone who wanted to be a politician. Dressel revealed that banking was not her first career choice because her early passions were drawn towards politics. She graduated from UW with a political s cience degree hoping to apply in law school. She however took a job at the Bank of California, Tacoma branch, which she taught would be a short term thing but lasted for 14 years. This marked the start of her banking career which eventually brought her to Columbia. The success of Dressel is attributed to her management style. According to Bill Philip, Puget’s retired CEO, Dressel is â€Å"a good administrator and has good people skills. She gets along well with the staff, the customers and the outside world" (DeSilver, n.d.). Dressel does not want Columbia to be considered like the other banks which does not give the personal touch to their clients, instead she wants â€Å"to take care of people in a community-bank style† (DeSilver, n.d.). This is what differentiates Dressel from the other CEOs of big banks and this is what led to her and Columbia’s success.ReferencesDeSilver, D. (n.d.). In Person: Columbia Banks Dressel tries to balance growth and local focus . Retrieved December 6, 2011, from seattletimes.nwsource.com Web site: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2016866702_inpersondressel2 8.html. Summary Example Summary – Book Report/Review Example Education and Social Change The history of social change in America is intertwined with the history ofeducation. A look into the history of social change proves that both these factors influenced each other. Education enabled certain social groups to climb the ladder of social status in different styles and at different paces. The history of social change in America can never omit the history of education. Chapter 3Education had an important role in American social development in the 19th century. During 1800s, different groups including women and African Americans faced exclusion and discrimination in the American education system. A perfect example of the role of education is the Irish immigrants. They faced serious discrimination in the 19th century and did menial jobs in the society. There were more Irish in jails than other groups (Rury 98), and they represented most of the homeless. However, the second generation of them managed to get skilled jobs, and with better financial si tuation, by the end of the 19th century, the Irish school enrollment rate was equal to that of long-settled American natives (Rury 100). In addition, by 20th century, nearly one-third of the public school teachers in New York were Irish (Rury 104). Most other ethnic groups followed similar patterns, though in a slower manner. Similar is the case of females. The change started through visionaries like Emma Willard and Horace Mann who advocated advanced education for women. Thus, by the end of 19th century, women reached jobs which required advanced education. However, African-Americans faced the toughest deal as there was strong racist ideology against them. The situation changed for a short period after the Civil War when North initiated Reconstruction (Rury 113). There was a considerable increase in the number of African American students in the South as a result. However, the reconstruction came to a halt as the White supremacists regained power. The schools for Blacks received li ttle or no assistance from the White leaders and the situation again worsened. The history of American Indians is more or less the same. Chapter 4The beginning of the 20th century witnessed considerable economic and industrial growth followed by population growth. The result was a weakening of the existing social and community bonds. In addition, there was influx of immigrants to industrial areas. Harsh working conditions resulted in revolts and labor conflicts became common. A large number of scientific advances and theories came, offering a new world order and creating uncertainty about future. This progressivism introduced two changes in education; firstly, education became more responsive to the needs of children, and secondly, schools were more closely integrated with the community. Thus, by the early 20th century, nearly half of the nation’s teenage population attended schools, and the rise of secondary schooling boosted the educational attainment in America. This incre ase in education attainment led to better productivity and efficiency (Rury 142). However, these changes did not considerably benefit women and Blacks as racism and sexism still existed. Another change during the period was the birth of modern university. Chapter 5The period after World War II witnessed â€Å"baby boom†, and a new adolescent culture emerged around educational institutions (Rury 178). As the Nazi theory of superiority was averted, many people started questioning the existing ideas of social superiority based on race. In addition, the experience of Great Depression and the growth of trade unions broke the existing concepts of social status. In addition, the increasing number of Black population in cities caused a change in racial composition of public schools. For the first time in the history of American, federal government started using schools as a way to address the problem of inequality. The period thereafter saw various initiatives from government to addr ess inequality through schools. As more teens started attending high schools, there arose an adolescent culture. They had their own entertainment; fast cars, cigarette, alcohol, sexual promiscuity, and rock-and-roll music. The period after 1950s saw an ever-larger number of youth reaching colleges. This â€Å"baby boomers† became a significant force. With distrust towards the values of the adult society, this new generation gave birth to a new â€Å"counter-culture† and impressed the same on the rest of the society (Rury 184). In total, it becomes evident that social change in America during the 19th and 20th century was considerably influenced by the developments in education. In addition, it is seen that social change had an important role in shaping American education system. Rury, John L. Education and Social Change: Contours in the History of American Schooling. New York: Routledge, 2013. Print. Summary Example Summary – Term Paper Example September 10, Summary: â€Å"Fully Training Your Food and Beverage Staff While Reducing Turnover† The article en dâ€Å"Fully Training Your Food and Beverage Staff WhileReducing Turnover† written by Craig Pendleton disclosed relevant information, specifically common issues and concerns that besiege the food and beverage (F (2) the complexity in operations within food and beverage operations which include â€Å"manufacturing, service, marketing and sales† (Pendleton 34); (3) employment preferences select F (4) personnel hired in F (5) promotions were reported to be based primarily on performance and not on leadership ability; (6) trend of high turnover rates associated with F (7) lack of understanding by personnel of F (8) outdated training materials; and (9) lack of knowledge and competencies of HRM staff regarding F (2) a more comprehensive training program should be designed to cater to the needs, demands, competencies, and skills of F (3) HR department should have a personnel who is competent and qualified on F and (4) promotions and performance evaluation should be designed based on standards, as well as abilities and aptitudes (Pendleton). Overall, Pendleton emphasized that the F&B department is a crucial part of the operations of a casino. Therefore, to ensure that F&B personnel perform in the most effective and efficient manner, proper training and development should be accorded, as consistent with the mission and vision of the organization. Likewise, to address the evident high turnover rate, the personal and professional growth of F&B personnel should be aptly taken in due consideration.Work CitedPendleton, Craig. "Fully Training Your Food and Beverage Staff While Reducing Turnover." Indian Gaming (2003): 34-35. indiangaming.com/istore/May13_Pendleton.pdf. Summary Example Summary – Article Example Summary Summary Yik Yak Company develops an anonymous social media app called the Yik Yak. The app targets mostly colleges and universities. This app is causing troubles in these institutions, which it targets. The app allows one to post an anonymous â€Å"yaks†. In most cases, the â€Å"yaks† are offensive. Eastern Michigan is among the universities, whose campuses have been affected by offensive â€Å"yaks.† Since its inception, individuals have been using the app in a negative way. Users within colleges and universities often use it to issue threats to their colleagues and even to their lecturers. Professor Margaret Crouch of the University of Eastern Michigan, is one person who has been attacked by the offensive â€Å"yaks.† A number of colleges and universities complained about this app. Some individuals suggested that the organization needs to redesign its product because it allowed criminals to issue threats to their victims. It also allowed student s to send offensive â€Å"yaks†, which others found abusive. Some individuals who have experienced harassment on Yik Yak supported a move to ban the app. In other schools, for instance, a group of African-American students at Clemson felt racially offended by some posts (Mahler 2015). They constituted part of the group that demanded the ban of this app. The organization has so far responded to these complaints and redesigned the app to prevent posting of offensive â€Å"yaks† by users. ReferenceMahler, Jonathan. (2015). Who Spewed That Abuse? Anonymous Yik Yak App Isn’t Telling. The New York Times, March 8. nytimes.com/2015/03/09/technology/popular-yik-yak-app-confers-anonymity-and-delivers-abuse.html, accessed March 27, 2015. Summary Example Summary – Case Study Example In ‘IT Doesn’t Matter’ Nicholas Carr (2003) has raised the question of the reduction of strategic importance of information technology within the wider goals and objectives of businesses. The article claims that IT has lost relevance with regards to its strategic value within a business. With commodification of information technology, easy accessibility to IT resources and development of generic software for various operations, the businesses can no longer use it as competitive advantage. Hence, increasing expenditure in the IT infrastructure must be reassessed. The rapid advancement in technology significantly enhances the prospect of existing technology becoming a burden rather than an asset. Hence, it would be prudent to use effective bargaining tools with sellers to reduce the cost of upgrade. Indeed, as Carr states, the companies must ‘manage cost and risk meticulously’. On the other hand, McAfee and Brynjolfsson (2008), in their article, Ã¢â‚¬Ë œInvesting in IT That Makes a Competitive Difference, assert that IT still remains a strong component of competitive advantage if applied within the business processes to improve and improvise outcome. Industry data from Bureau of Economic Analysis of BEA was analyzed as to how IT had changed competition dynamics. It revealed new technologies were not the main force but the innovation in processes, because through the use of technology helped companies to make a difference and gain advantage. Thus, using IT as a platform to innovate new processes within operations and propagate them widely to enhance efficiency, accuracy and timeliness becomes critical elements of competitive advantage. Hence, article reinforces the relevance of IT in creating significant difference within the industry which helps to provide competitive advantage to the firm. (words: 269)Works citedCarr, Nicholas, G. IT Doesn’t Matter. Harvard Business Review, May 2003: 41-49. PrintMcAfee, Andrew., and Brynjo lfsson, Erik. Investing in IT That Makes a Competitive Difference. Harvard Business Review, July-August 2008: 98-107. Print SUMMARY Example SUMMARY – Article Example Summary In "TV," Mary Pipher clams that TV negatively influences the development of the medium community. The iswary of the verity that TV has replaced the human relations that were in existence previously (Pipher 358). With the streets arguably getting insecure by the day, a lot of individuals have resulted to staying indoors and watch TV instead. Children no longer enjoy the play time that they used to before as they have resulted to watching TV. It is evident that TV has slowly replaced the ‘persons’ with ‘personas’ as Pipher indicates (358). Families have been affected as well. The author gives a good example of people who no longer visit their neighbors to check on their progress (Pipher 357). Visiting time has slowly been taken up by the TV. Worse still, the author is more concerned resulting from the reality that TV is on even during family special and private moments such as meal time (Pipher 357). Adults are no exception. They have been indicated to stay for long hours listening to speeches and watching violence linked movies (Pipher 358). Arguably, this influence of the TV escalates the chances that TV might lead to violence in the adults watching TV regularly. Conclusively, it is evident that the TV has changed the societal structures and the way systems were run previously. TV has destroyed family links, human relations and attitudes towards life. With this in perspective, it is recommended that individuals minimize the amount of time they dedicate to TV and focus on mending their relations. Work CitedPipher, Mary. TV. 2014. JPG  file.

Different Depictions Of War-Saving Private Ryan An Essays

Different Depictions Of War-Saving Private Ryan An Essays Different Depictions Of War-Saving Private Ryan And The Patriot Different Depictions of War Moviemakers have the power to portray the world the way they see it. And because there are so many different directors out there, we as viewers, are presented with a variety of interpretations. If a director sees love as a game, then it is so (at least until their hour and 45-minute tale of two playful lovers comes to an end). If he or she believes society to be corrupt then we will see it as such on her or his recorded picture of the world. And if one director thinks of war as completely disastrous while another sees glory in it then we would find ourselves viewing two contrasting depictions of war. Two recent films that exemplify this circumstance are Steven Speilbergs Saving Private Ryan and Roland Emmerichs The Patriot. Both movies are about an historic war, both were made around the same time, and yet both create an entirely different image of war. With the use of dramatic, literary, and cinematic aspects, Speilberg and Emmerich present their opinions, as well as emotions, on th e screen. Ryan takes place during World War II. Captain Miller (Tom Hanks) is given a mission to save Private James Ryan (Matt Damon), whose three brothers were killed in action. The Patriot is the story of a father of seven and veteran of the French and Indian War. Although he shows disapproval of the current American Revolution, personal vengeance makes him a hero in the war. Although the screenplay could account for a films viewpoint, it is the directing that creates the visual picture. Ironically, Both Ryan and The Patriot were written by the same man, Robert Rodat. This further supports the idea that the directors opinion on a topic is evident in her or his film, no matter what the screenwriters thoughts may be. Not to mention the fact that a the director usually chooses a script that suits them. Therefor, literary elements reflect the directors perspective. The setting in Ryans opening scene is a veteran cemetery where we are immediately reminded of the result of war: death. The second scene takes place on Omaha Beach, the battlefield of the tragic D-Day. Right off, we are shown that thousands died in World War II as well as what it was like. We hear soldiers praying for their lives and others praying for an accurate shot to end the life of another. Speilberg does not hesitate to plunge into the reality that in war one is either killing or dying. In The Patriot our story begins quite differently. We are first introduced to our protagonist, Benjamin (Mel Gibson), in his home as he comically fails to build a rocking chair. Like Ryan, we are introduced to the main focus of the film, but unlike Ryan, the focus is a character not a war. In addition, The Patriots main character is first presented as a father and carpenter, while we first meet Captain Miller (Tom Hanks) already involved in the war. The difference between these films is that on e uses characters to tell the story of a war, while the other uses a war to tell the story of a character. Characters are major literary elements and they, alone, illustrate the intent of each film. The British (bad guys) in The Patriot are either sinister or ignorant, while the Americans (good guys) are either brave and witty or braver and heroic. The definite line between good and evil encourages us to root for the spunky Americans. Ryan, on the other hand, makes an effort to portray its characters as realistic as possible. The soldiers are ordinary guys some likable, some not, most relatable, all believable. While Benjamin The Ghost Martin is invincible, Miller, with his shaky hand, is homesick and tired. Take Corporal Upham (Jeremy Davies), for example. Upham, without a doubt, sees the war as we see it, as Speilberg sees it, as it is. The comfort he finds in talking to others to the fear he feels about the chaos as he asks himself, What is happening? are all reactions that an everyday civilian would have to the war. In The Patriot we

A Short List of Synonyms for Shorten

A Short List of Synonyms for Shorten A Short List of Synonyms for Shorten A Short List of Synonyms for Shorten By Mark Nichol Shorten is a serviceable word for describing how to reduce the extent or length of something, but some synonyms are available to use in its place. Abbreviate stems ultimately from the Latin verb abbreviare, the root of which is from brevis, meaning â€Å"short†- the same word from which brevity (â€Å"briefness†) and brief are derived. Abridge, which has nothing to do with bridges (it has the same origin as abbreviate), is often used in the sense of diminishing effect or strength or shortening a written compensation by excising parts. To curtail is to limit or reduce as if by cutting (its obsolete predecessor, curtal, referred to cutting an animal’s tail short); its derivation is curtus, Latin for â€Å"short†- which came to be used in English as curt, an adjective usually applied to a brusque statement. Truncate is ultimately from the Latin word truncus, the source of trunk (as well as truncheon- the original term for a billy club- and the rare word obtruncate, which means â€Å"cut the top from†). The original sense is an adjective meaning â€Å"with square or even leaves†- leaves that appear to have been artificially shortened and straightened. Elide means â€Å"omit†; it usually pertains to removing a letter, word, or phrase from a document but also has a general sense of â€Å"shorten†; the noun form is elision. Syncopate means â€Å"cut short,† but it also applies to the linguistic process of syncope, in which part of a word is elided, as in g’day for â€Å"good day.† It’s also the verb form of syncopation, which refers to music rhythm based on giving stress to weak rather than strong beats. There is also a group of short words- often, in their pronunciation, suggestive of abrupt action- that refer to cutting something short, including bob, chop, clip, crop, cut, dock, lop, and snip. Other terms referring to cutting, often in reference to vegetation, include mow, pare, prune, and trim; shave and shear are similar. Prà ©cis, a noun referring to shortening or condensing (from French, and the ancestor of precise), is also a verb; other terms are compress and contract, as well as condense and its close synonym digest (from the sense of the word, also associated with assimilating food into the body, of arranging and dividing). To abstract, profile, and summarize are similar actions, though they involve outlining content rather than reducing its length. Likewise, to epitomize is to serve as an example rather than to actually reduce. Shrinking, meanwhile, involves literally reducing in size rather than abbreviating. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Exquisite AdjectivesExcited ABOUT, not "for" Educational vs. Educative

Business Research Methodologies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Research Methodologies - Coursework Example Research Methodology Various tools will be used to collect the extensive sets of relevant data that are required to proceed with the study. The two forms of research are primary and secondary research, where primary is based on questionnaire; interviews and secondary research is based on reports which are already made available through books, articles and internet (Goddard & Melville, 2004, p. 3-4). Research design A research design encompasses procedures and methodologies that are employed to conduct research. The research design defines the type of study: such as descriptive, experimental, semi experimental, correlation and others. Research design is also considered as a systematic and scientific search for precise information on a particular topic. One of the primary reasons for research is to find out the truth which was not revealed in due course of time. Each research has its own objectives and purposes, but in general the key objective of conducting research is to gain new ins ight and is also referred to as exploratory research. In addition, other forms of research are descriptive research, diagnostic research and to test the casual relationship which are conducted in the process of hypothesis testing (Kothari, 2008, p.2).Research design with regards to the study of management style of the supervisors to evaluate the performance of employees at Curry’s PC world is as follows: Research Philosophy: The research philosophy adopted is realism. The realism theory of philosophy was adopted because of its independent nature and is quite similar to positivism and tends to assume a scientific approach. It is mainly used because it underpins the collection of data and thereby understanding the gathered information (Collins, 2010, p.38). Research Approach: The research approach chosen for the study is inductive research approach. Here initial few observations are made and then it moves to broader theories and generalizations. It is also sometimes called the â€Å"bottom up approach.† Conclusions are usually based on premises and also tend to involve certain degree of uncertainty. Reasons for using such approach is that the researcher will be able to draw many approaches on his own as per the convenience of the study and meet with the challenges of the world (Anderson, 2004, p.103). Research strategy: Research strategy is referred to as decision about the tactics of data collection for a given study (Walsh & Wigens, 2003, p.70). The research strategy chosen for the study is through survey approach and case study analysis. Data collection methods: Data will be collected mainly through primary and secondary sources. Primary research will take into consideration the qualitative and quantitative approach. In case of primary research, data will be collected through questionnaires and interviews. For secondary approach, case study analysis will be taken into consideration to analyze the impact of supervisors on the performance of the e mployees at Curry’s PC World. Sampling method is of two types: probability sampling and non probability sampling methods. The study will take into consideration the probability sampling method also known as random sampling (Kothari, 2009, p.60). The study will adopt the simple random sampling technique, in order to gather data for the questionnaire and thereby analyze the result. For the survey, the target group will be the employees of Curry’

Caterpillar Currency Issues Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Caterpillar Currency Issues - Case Study Example Shifting currency rates are always a risk to a firm and can lead to the firm incurring many losses. However, by understanding the problem, the business is able to look at the way in which the market can be looked at and come up with solutions (Wihlborg, 2008). In Caterpillar’s case, the firm was able to reverse the adverse effects of a strong dollar by removing these processes, especially production and manufacturing functions to other countries thus neutralizing the transaction risks. This helped the firm to be able to able to overcome the shocks caused by currency exchange rates. This was achieved in two ways as follows; Hedging labour and production costs This can be understood by looking at the actual reason why high dollar values in the 1980s had affected the revenues and profits of Caterpillar. To begin with, since Caterpillar’s manufacturing units were located in the United States only, strong dollar meant that its manufacturing costs would be higher than the man ufacturing costs of its competitors who were outside the United States. As a result, its products would have to be more expensive because when buyers in foreign countries would have to pay more once they converted their lowly valued currencies into American dollars. This meant that Caterpillar’s products could not be competitively priced as compared to those of the competitors. Hedging revenues Manufacturing costs were not the only issue affecting Caterpillar. By taking its manufacturing to other countries, the issues of high dollar value was solved. Not only did the manufacturing costs not get affected by the high US dollar values, but the firms would also be able to source raw materials locally and thus hedge the revenues. According to Delaney and Whittington (2010), this kind of hedging can be important where the firm needs to protect itself from unpredictable currency rates. By manufacturing in foreign countries and sourcing the raw materials in foreign countries, it mean t that the profits margins would be stable because the sales and the profits would be measured by the same foreign currencies. As a result, it can be said that Caterpillar overcomes this issue by localizing its operations in foreign markets rather than having the operations centralised in the US. This, according to Madhuvij (2006) is what is called thinking globally and acting locally. Caterpillar looked at the market from a global perspective because its products have markets in the global arena, but to be effective, the firm had to look at each local market individually. The strategy As identified, Caterpillar used the think global, act local strategy. This is a strategy which is being used by so many global firms which have to contend with so many challenges caused by the very same opportunities caused by a global market. Globalisation has brought opportunities for many forms but has also brought with it challenges which firms must be able to overcome if they are to benefit from the opportunities brought about by globalisation. This is the situation which Caterpillar has found itself in. For firms to be able to benefit from the opportunities brought about by globalization, they have to create strategies which will turn challenges into opportunities. This is what Caterpillar realised and started working towards creating a way to help it overcome its challenges. The validity of the strategy As it is with any business strategy, this strategy may be seen to have both advantages and disadvantages. It is the balance between the advantages and the disadvantages which make a strategy to be either worth it or not. As per the Caterpillar strategy, the main advantage is the fact that distributing its

Karl Rahner Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Karl Rahner - Term Paper Example A Brief view of his chronology is given as; Educational Background of Karl Rahner: Education Place 1922-25 Jesuit formation in Ignatian spirituality and philosophy in Austria and Germany 1929-33 Theologies studies in Holland 1934-36 Graduation studies in philosophy at Freiburg & Martin Heideggar’s seminar 1936 Completion of doctoral and postdoctoral studies of theology at Innusbruck Works of Karl Rahner Karl Rahner was in fact a Christian catholic theologist who worked for the development of the faiths and principles of Christian religion. He wrote for the faiths of Christianity by the end of his life. Foundations of Christianity Faith These written faiths are the most important and significant among his works. These foundations describe as â€Å"summa† of catholic theology. According to Rahner himself he wrote in the preface of this book that he wrote this book for the educated readers and he regard it as a basic saving of knowledge for everyone rather than only for th e sake of theology students. In this book Rahner called the existing idea of Christianity as a formal introduction. He book basically intends to support christens and anyone to adapt Christianity by basically emphasizing the existence of Christianity. The general methodology that has been adapted is the union of theology and philosophy. The roots of this dogma presented were in the beliefs of Christ. In the works of Rahner the traditional beliefs of the catholic have been indeed worked out again with a significant importance. A part of this Rahner’s work is a combination of the deep insight of the dogmatic and metaphysical tradition along with Kerygmatic concern. The theology actually related to Peculiar theology. Concluding aspects of the faith of Christianity Generally Ranher has suggested that the basis of Christianity is reliable. Along with this it has also been concluded that he spiritual knowledge exists, although it is imperfect and limited but still it is the true fo rm of all the existing knowledge. Evolutionary concepts of Karl Rahner At the initial stages the catholic response to the evolutionary theories of the scientist Darwin was very reluctant but later on with the passage of time a linear evolutionary research was permitted to some level. The work of the two Theologists is very important in this aspect which has been emerged as the most influential work in catholic reconciliation with the theory of evolution. One of them is a well known Paleontologist and Jesuit Priest Pierre Theilhard de Chardin, the decisive works of whom have been very much useful for Catholic thinkers. The next one is Karl Rahner who in the decade of 1950 participated actively in the conferences and seminars thus striving for the correlation b/w sciences and Catholic perspectives. In the concepts presented by Karl Rahner the two core topics are modern evolutionary biology and named as emergence and the continuation of the evolutionary process. According to Karl Evolu tion is the process that continues with the survival of life and it is the process through which something new keeps on evolving without compromising the catholic concepts. Materialistic concepts for the evolution of the human life from an inanimate matter are quite controversial for catholic studies. With respect to the central thoughts in the Karl reconciliation concepts with evolutionary biology, the phenomenon of the active self-transcendence is the process by which

The Concept and Process of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Concept and Process of Marketing - Essay Example Producers fully understand the value of their products but the consumer has no idea about that product’s value. Due to this producers have to come up with strategies of creating awareness to customers about the existence to the product, as well as going a step further of making its value known to the customers (Khonat, 2012, p.22). Moreover, marketing can also be understood from the organization perspective. Here it can be said to be a process of the management through which they are able to recognize, anticipate as well as satisfy customer needs in a profitable way. This definition has three main elements: first management has to be aware of customer needs, then come up with ways of satisfying them and finally they need to foresee customer needs. Upon the production of a particular product, the producers need to have a comprehensive understanding of their customers in order to have a long-term relationship with them (Houston, 2006, p.81). However, producers cannot overlook th eir objectives in business thus the whole process of marketing has to reap maximum profits to the producer. Customers are very important in business since it is through them that business objectives are accomplished. According to Khonat (2012, p.22), the main aim of business is profit making and this can only be achieved through two processes buying and selling. Customers participate in the process of buying, however they have to gain value for their money; this is called customer satisfaction (CS). CS is very important in business as it is able to retain customers as well as attract more customers. When customers are satisfied with the products they buy, a good exchange relationship is created between the two parties. Houston (2006, p.82) explains that marketing evolved in the early 1990s when business scholars realized the importance of understanding the relationship between sellers and potential buyers. Before its evolution, marketing was considered to be enclosed in the greater spheres of economics concepts. As buyers sought to come up with ways of establishing a stronger buyer/seller relationship, marketing emerged. In the early stages of marketing, organizations were less concerned about customer satisfaction but rather concentrated all their efforts into the philosophy of â€Å"selling-as-much-as-we-can.† With deeper studies into the marketing field, producers came to realize the importance of customer satisfaction in attracting and retention of customers (Brody, 2001, p.20). Today marketing is among the most pursued fields in the world of business. The main objective of marketing is creating a good relationship between the buyer and the seller (Khonat, 2012, p.22). Hence buyers should get satisfied with what they buy, at the same time sellers should earn a profit from what they sell. Marketing is important to both the seller and the customer when done effectively. It makes the sellers’ products known to the market and through this the sel ler is able to increase sales. On the other hand, buyers are able to know the existence of new products in the market, increasing their buying variety. Unfortunately, the persuasive nature of marketing has lead to the making of wrong choices by buyers (McDonald & Roberts, 2003, p.18). As such marketers should not exaggerate their product value rather they should convince customers using the exact value properties of the product. Let us consider the Coca cola Company in its internal and external environment.